side of the noble gases. * These five toxic‚ non-metallic elements make up Group 17 of the periodic table and consist of: fluorine (F)‚ chlorine (Cl)‚ bromine (Br)‚ iodine (I)‚ and astatine (At). * Although astatine is radioactive and only has short-lived isotopes‚ it behaves similar to iodine and is often included in the halogen group. * Since the halogen elements have seven valence electrons‚ they only require one additional electron to form a full octet. This characteristic makes them
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Review Unit One – Biochemistry What is an isotope? Isotope - An isotope is all atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons‚ but they may have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. - This means that all atoms with the same atomic number can have different atomic masses. - Because they have the same number of protons and electrons‚ they behave exactly the same in chemical reactions. Radioisotope - The nuclei of some isotopes of an element are unstable and tend to break
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white Electron Shell Configuration Number of Energy Levels: Three (3) First Energy Level: Two (2) Second Energy Level:Eight (8) Third Energy Level: Three (3) Isotopes In total‚ Aluminium has approximately 23 known isotopes ranging from Al-21 to Al-43‚ with two of these isotopes occurring naturally on Earth. Aluminium isotope Al-26 with a half-life of 730‚ 000 years‚ is only found naturally on Earth in very small traces‚ and is formed by the cosmic-ray bombardment of argon in the Earth’s atmosphere
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a given element are identical (not accepted today bc isotopes) 3. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions (Lavoisier) 4. Atoms of different elements form compounds in whole number ratios (Proust) * J.J. Thompson (1897) – PHYSICIST WHO DISCOVERED ELECTRONS (e-) * The cathode ray * “plum pudding model” aka Chocolate Chip Cookie or Blueberry Muffin Model of an atom with electrons * Ernest “radioactive man” Rutherford (1907) – “gold foil experiment” *
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Radiopharmaceuticals Used For Imaging Mechanism of Localization of Radiopharmaceutical Patient Preparation Imaging Protocols Image Findings Technical Considerations Multi-Gated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) Is a nuclear medicine test that uses a radioactive isotope called a tracer to access how well the human heart is pumping blood Multi-Gated Acquisition Scan MUGA Scan Also known as: Gated Blood Pool Imaging Radionuclide Angiography (RNA) Radionuclide Ventriculography (RVG‚ RNV) Myocardial Perfusion
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organ function‚ detection and treatment of some diseases or monitoring of treatment’s effects. It provides physiological (not available from other imaging modalities) and diagnostic information. In the other hand‚ it uses very small amounts of radioactive material (radiopharmaceuticals‚ RP) that is introduced into the body and acts as a tracer. Information obtained using nuclear medicine techniques is more comprehensive than other imaging procedures because it demonstrates organ function‚ not just
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Rubidium is a chemical element that was discovered in 1861 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff‚ in Heidelberg‚ Germany through a scientific process of flame spectroscopy. During the process‚ Kirchhoff and Heidelberg noticed bright red lines in its emission spectrum which caused them to choose the name Rubidium derived from the Latin word rubidus‚ meaning "deep red". Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37 and an atomic mass of 85.4678. Rubidium is a soft‚ silvery-white
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Natural Disasters in Nuclear Energy Development Carlaine Puckett Strayer University Abstract The modern day dependency on fossil fuels has led to a global search for ethical and environmentally-sound alternative energy. Among the most powerful is nuclear energy‚ though it is mired in controversy. This essay describes‚ among other things‚ the nuclear energy process‚ and with it the weaknesses. Amid the hope of one day using nuclear energy as a “green” energy source
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(water or gas)‚ which runs through turbines. These either drive a ship’s propellers or turn electrical generators. Nuclear generated steam in principle can be used for industrial process heat or for district heating. Some reactors are used to produce isotopes for medical and industrial use‚ or for production of plutonium for weapons. Some are run only for research. Today there are about 450 nuclear power reactors that are used to generate electricity in about 30 countries around the world. Types of nuclear
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NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear energy is the energy contained in the centre ‚ or nucleus of an atom. The nucleus is the most powerful source of energy that exist. Nuclear energy is use in scientific research and in medicine treatments. It powers satellites and submarines‚ and it is used to produce electricity. People have also put nuclear energy to destructive uses through the creation of weapons.1 Nuclear energy also called ATOMIC ENERGY‚ energy
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