a white rat‚ a rabbit‚ a monkey‚ masks and burning newspapers and observed the boy’s reactions. The boy initially showed no fear of any of the objects he was shown. The next time Albert was exposed the rat‚ Watson made a loud noise by hitting a metal pipe with a hammer. Naturally‚ the child began to cry after hearing the loud noise. After repeatedly pairing the white rat with the loud noise‚ Albert began to cry simply after seeing the rat. Watson and Raynor wrote: "The instant the rat was shown
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When comparing species’ intellects‚ what problems are likely to be encountered and how should they be avoided? There are 2 main theories for the comparison of animal intelligence: A phylogenetic based approach: since the time of aritotle people have tried to organise the animal kingdom into a sequence of intelligence or “scala naturae” great chain of being. What has now become known as the phylogenetic scale of intelligence is based upon Darwins theory of evolution as laid out in his on the
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or reinforcement. This type of leaning was introduced by B.F. Skinner. He was famous for inventing the Skinner box‚ in which he used rats to show reinforcement‚ both positive and negative. The Skinner box consisted of a lever and a food dispenser in which if the rat pressed the leaver it received a pellet of food (positive reinforcement)‚ from this behaviour the rat would start to repeatedly press the leaver as it was receiving a reward. Skinner believed this proved that a reward can repeat a behavior
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Environmental Sanitation and Maintenance I. Conditions of Premises Food establishments are all about its physical facilities‚ its contents and its surroundings or property. The exterior of the establishment including the building structure‚ parking space‚ landscaping‚ doors and windows. The exterior design is also responsible for attracting customers. The exterior must be clean‚ safe and pest-free. i. Proper Water Supply Adequate water supply and proper sewage disposal are vital to the sanitation
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This essay has 2462 words ‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourists approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one’ Behaviorism was originally founded by John B. Watson who believed that behavior had the means to be measured‚ trained and changed (1913) The Behavioural theory is firstly based on experiment and secondly by describing how human behaviour is learnt
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area through rats. It kind of shocked me when they said rats but then again the rats were infected which infected the population because of the all of the shipments that come on and off the ports. Now‚ how it got into humans there is much he say she say gossip. According to the team at the Laboratory of Microbial Structure and Function‚ it went from rats then to fleas and then to the humans. When I read that the fleas infected the humans‚ it kind of made sense because the fleas bit the rats that were
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem that affects more than 387 million individuals which leads to multiple comorbidities and estimates a loss of $245 billion in medical cost and loss of wage (Tchanque-Fossuo‚ et al.‚ 2016). One of the most common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot ulcer. Approximately 15% percent of diabetic patients will develop a foot ulcer in their lifetime and 6-40% of diabetic patients must receive a limb amputation (Kajagar
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Andrew Pole had just started working as a statistician for Target in 2002‚ when two colleagues from the marketing department stopped by his desk to ask an odd question: “If we wanted to figure out if a customer is pregnant‚ even if she didn’t want us to know‚ can you do that? ” Pole has a master’s degree in statistics and another in economics‚ and has been obsessed with the intersection of data and human behavior most of his life. His parents were teachers in North Dakota‚ and while other kids were
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Watson‚ Skinner‚ and Tolman PSY 310/History and Systems of Psychology Psychological Perspectives Used Today Over the years psychological perspectives have changed or advanced in modern psychology. Some perspectives from earlier psychologists have diminished or are no longer used in modern psychology. John B. Watson‚ B. F. Skinner‚ and Edward C. Tolman are a few psychologists whose perspectives have remained a foundation for modern psychologists. Watson‚ Skinner‚ and Tolman’s perspectives advanced
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A) Growth plate and Endochondral ossification: In order to maintain a healthy skeletal system which is crucial for different organs such as respiratory system‚ brain‚ spinal cord and heart‚ it is very important to have a good development of the skeletal system. Endochondral ossification is the process through which the axial and appendicular skeletons are formed through the formation of a cartilage inter-mediate. A good model for endochondral ossification is the limb bud where the precursor cells
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