Experiment 3: Wittig Reaction Introduction This experiment performs a modified Wittig reaction using a phosphorus-containing Hornes-Emmons-Wittig reagent to generate an enolate anion of trimethyl phosphonoacetate instead of a phosphorus ylide. The methyl trans-4-methoxy cinnamate produced is then analyzed using melting point and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Theory The Wittig reaction prepares alkenes from carbonyl compounds by attacking a phosphorus ylide with a nucleophilic carbon atom stabilized by
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determine whether or not a chemical reaction occurred after the mixing of various chemicals. The evolution of a gas‚ the formation of precipitation‚ and the change of temperature or color are all indicative of a chemical reaction. It was assumed that a reaction did not take place if the mixture of chemicals exhibited none of these characteristics. Several precipitation‚ complex-ion formation‚ redox‚ and acid-base reactions were performed. Redox: Decomposition Reactions In a 13 x 100 mm test tube‚ 2 mL
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CHAPTER 4 (MANKIW) INFLATION RATES AND INTEREST RATES: THE FISHER EQUATION NOTES by: Chadia Mathurin Economists differentiate between real and nominal interest rates where: real interest: is defined as the increase or decrease in a consumer’s purchasing power experienced as a result of changes in the interest rate. nominal interest: is defined as the interest payed by the bank. Let: i denote the nominal interest rate r the real interest rate pi ‚ the inflation rate The equation for the
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Properties of Chemical Reactions Ms. Whitty‚ Science 10 Fiona Adams‚ November 1st‚ 2012 Introduction Chemical reactions are a part of our daily lives‚ from rusting metal to making bread to leaves changing colour in the fall. A chemical reaction is the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. When a chemical reaction takes place‚ the change is indicated by one or more qualitative properties. The colour or odor could change‚ gas could be produced
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of a dollar in euros? 4. What is the function of the Eurocurrency market? 5. Why do interest rates vary among countries? Why are interest rates similar for those European countries that use the euro as their currency? Small Business Dilemma Use of the Foreign Exchange Markets by the Sports Exports Company (see textbook‚ 8th edition) Chapter 4 Questions 1. Assume that the U.S. inflation rate becomes high relative to Canadian inflation. Other things being equal‚ how should this affect
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IODINE-CLOCK REACTION DATE SUBMITTED: 14 DECEMBER 2012 DATE PERFORMED: 7 DECEMBER 2012 ABSTRACT Chemical kinetics involving reaction rates and mechanisms is an essential part of our daily life in the modern world. It helps us understand whether particular reactions are favorable and how to save time or prolong time during each reaction. Experiment demonstrated the how concentration‚ temperature and presence of a catalyst can change the rate of a reaction. 5 runs of dilution and reaction were made
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In this story by Connie Jan Maraan‚ the protagonist of the story is a ghost who died when the Tayuman LRT Station suddenly collapsed and the train came falling down on his face. According to him‚ he has seen Christ because of that incident. -Summary provided by: images.1aot.multiply.multiplycontent.com/…/PHIL.LIT%20-… (first entry that appears in Google upon searching Ghost by Connie Jan Maraan) In Connie Jan Maraan’s story entitled “Ghost”‚ she applied various symbols to express what happened
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Determination of Calcium ions in milk using titration. Background Calcium is a mineral which is essential to the human body. In fact 1.5% of the human body is made up of calcium‚ and not just the obvious uses such as bone and teeth formation but it is also a vital factor in many enzyme reactions‚ for example blood clotting. It also partakes in the regulation of the hearts rhythm. Lack of the crucial mineral can result in the build up of cadmium and lead‚ both of which are toxic. along
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difference between a mixture and a compound. A compound is a substance in which atoms of different elements are chemically held to one another. A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components‚ a compound cannot. Below are some examples of the differences between each. Compounds •Compounds are pure substances. •They are made up of two or more elements combined
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Enzymes Reactions to Changes in Substrate and Inhibitors Benjamin J. Mora Coronado University of Texas Rio Grande Valley at Edinburgh Abstract Purpose for the experiments was to test the enzymes in various scenarios and see how changing this would affect the rate of reaction. The enzyme source used in the experiments was Turnip Extract. Concentrations of Turnip extract for activity 1 where o.5ml‚ 1.0ml‚ and 2.0 ml as for the rest of the activities 2 Through 4 stayed at a consistent concentration
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