Organic Chemistry II Lab 9 Fermentation of a Carbohydrate: Ethanol from Sucrose * Introduction Ethanol is one of the oldest alcohols and also the least toxic one. Industrially‚ ethanol is made most economically by hydration of ethylene. However‚ ethanol that is intended for human consumption must‚ by law‚ be prepared by fermentation. By either method‚ ethanol‚ of course‚ has the same formula‚ structure‚ and properties. The fermentation takes place with the assistance of enzymes from yeast
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Chemical Report The chemical I will be writing this report on is oxygen. The name oxygen comes from the Greek word “oxygens‚” which means “acid producer”. Dictionary.com defines oxygen as “a colorless‚ odorless‚ gaseous element constituting about one-fifth of the volume of the atmosphere and present in a combined state in nature.” Oxygen has many uses today. First‚ oxygen is used by people‚ plants‚ and animals in the respiration process. Tanks of oxygen are used in the healthcare field to treat
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muscles that depend on the red blood cells to bring them the oxygen necessary for cellular respiration ‚ which is the quantity of blood pumped from one’s heart and clinically measured per minute. There are several points in the body where the heart rate may be taken‚ but it is read clinically at the wrist over the radial artery. Cardiac output is important because it determines one’s potentials for gas exchange and thus physical activities. Exercise over time increases one’s physical fitness. A
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possible by my AP Biology teacher’s assignment. If not for her‚ I would never have sat down and composed a four page script about Photosynthesis. I would also like to thank my supporting family for listening to my complaints and frustrations throughout this process. My gratitude goes out to the AP Bio Facebook group as well‚ for answering all the questions I had about Photosynthesis. Thank you all very much. The CAST In order of appearance *Narrator *Thylakoid Lila *Calvin Cycle Cal *Water
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Abstract: The Enzyme Lab results where when the liver was frozen‚ its reaction was fast‚ and when it was hot‚ it was slow‚ and the liver that was at room temperature reacted slowly to medium. Introduction: The Enzyme Lab is to conduct investigations to determine the most favorable conditions for the most efficient enzyme activity. Variables to be used testing include temperature‚ pH values and surface area. Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions‚ which would otherwise
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Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Low light intensity lowers the rate of photosynthesis. As the intensity is increased the rate also increases. However‚ after reaching an intensity of 10‚000 lux (lux is the unit for measuring light intensity) there is no effect on the rate. Very high intensity may‚ in fact‚ slow down the rate as it bleaches the chlorophyll. Normal sunlight (usually with an intensity of about 100‚000 lux) is quite sufficient for a normal rate of photosynthesis. Open and Closed
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data have been the backbone of data storage for nearly two decades. Compact discs revolutionized data Storage in the early 1980s‚ allowing multi-megabytes of data to be stored on a disc that has a diameter of a mere 12 centimetres and a thickness of about 1.2 millimetres. In 1997‚ an improved version of the CD‚ called a digital versatile disc (DVD)‚ was released‚ which enabled the storage of full-length movies on a single disc. CDs and DVDs are the primary data storage methods for music‚ software‚ personal
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is involved with the cannon being fired then the force of gravity would cause the cannon to start to slow down‚ wouldn’t go as far and the direction or trajectory of the cannon ball would be a curved line going down. Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to give the student a better understanding about projectile motion and to understand Newtons theories and laws of motion. We will be firing the plastic ball from the projectile launcher three times from eight different angles from the ground &
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reproductive. Orientation is when the organism is placed in their beneficial environment consisting of two behaviors‚ taxis (movement directly towards or away something) and kinesis (random movement). Reproductive is detected using drosophila in this lab‚ it consists of finding courting and mating with another of the species Agnostic behavior is found in a situation where the animal feels threated by another‚ leading to the organism looking bigger or more threatening to the opponent. Within the Agnostic
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Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Problem: We are going to separate and identify pigments and other molecules from cell extracts through a process called chromatography. We will also test the theory that light and chloroplasts are required for light reactions to occur. Background: Pigments are chemical compounds which reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light. This is what makes them seem colorful. Many things contain pigments including flowers‚ corals‚ and even skin. More important than
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