Intracellular free calcium levels: Intracellular free calcium levels were estimated according to the method of Luo and Shi (Luo and Shi‚ 2005). Briefly‚ hippocampi were isolated from mice brains and subjected to hippocampal cells isolation as described later. The cells obtained were incubated with Fura-2 AM at 37°C with gentle shaking. The fura-2 loaded suspension was centrifuged for 10 minutes‚ pellet was washed once with Ca2+-free buffer and was centrifuged again. Aliquots of the washed suspension
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KINETICS OF THE ACID DECOMPOSITION OF THIOSULFATE Aqueous solutions of thiosulfate‚ S2O32-(aq) are stable if neutral or basic‚ but decompose quickly when the thiosulfate is dissolved in acid according to the equation: Sulfur dioxide is a gas at room temperature‚ but is very soluble in water. Sulfur‚ a water insoluble solid‚ forms a colloidal suspension. As a result‚ the solution first becomes cloudy and then opaque. We can take advantage of the developing opacity of the reaction system to do a
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Acid and Base Titrations: Preparing Standardized Solutions Introduction: This experiment focuses on titrations of acids and bases. A titration depends on addition of a known volume of solution and is a type of volumetric analysis. Many titrations involve either acid-base reactions or oxidation-reduction reactions. In this experiment we do one of each. We monitor the pH of the reaction with the use of a color indicator. We also learn about the standardization of bases (NaOH) and acids (HCl) which
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Acid-a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis‚ dissolves some metals‚ and turns litmus red; typically‚ a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind. How does acid clean copper- “The oxygen in the air and the copper in the pennies form an oxide that coats the pennies and makes them look dirty. The acids break the copper oxide free from the penny. As we have seen experimentally‚ acid alone does not clean as well as acid and salt.” Can acid kill you?-”The actual causes of death however are not
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AbstractThe rates of reaction of Alkali metals and Alkaline Earth meatals are compared in this lab. The pH of each of the resulting metal solutions are tested and the products of the reaction between calcium and water is discovered. The tested elements are sodium‚ lithium‚ potassium and calcium and each of them were placed in a beaker filled with water. The resulting solutions pH levels were tested with litmus paper. There were more steps for caclium because it is the only Alkaline Earth metal. For
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Determination of the Rate Constant for a Chemical Reaction Department of Chemistry Abstract This experiment was performed to determine the rate constant k‚ for hydrolysis of tertiary butyl chloride to tertiary butanol. The solvent system for this reaction is 45% isopropyl alcohol and 55% water. The rate of hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride is measured by the decrease in the concentration of this reagent with time. The rate of decomposition of t-butyl chloride must be equal to the rate of formation
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There are various types of essay that every High School‚ College and University students gets to encounter in the course of the academic program. Essays are typical writing assignments that require a writer to use personal input in order to convey an idea‚ present/defend an argument or simply get across some information to the audience. There are numerous types of essays that our essay writers can assist you with. 5 paragraph essays 5 paragraph essay is the classic. It is strictly structured
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Question 2 3) Calcium in the diet of a teenager is actively absorbed in the small intestine and transferred into the intestinal capillaries. Describe the route this calcium would follow to end up in the upper arm. Describe in detail the role of calcium at the neuromuscular junction as well as its role in the mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation of the triceps. Considering the function of calcium in bone growth‚ explain in detail how the humerus would grow in length. Calcium in the diet
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In class we decided that the rate of a reaction increases when there are more collisions or when the activation energy is reduced. We then determined that there were four ways to increase the reaction rate: increase temperature‚ add a catalyst‚ increase surface area‚ and increase the concentration of reactants. The objective of this lab was to experimentally show how temperature and surface area impact the rate of reaction‚ so only two of these methods were tested. The evidence indicates that increasing
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used (ml) | 30.6 | 30.2 | 30.0 | | | | | Acid to Base Ratio | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.86 | Average acid/base ratio | 0.86 | | | | | Base to Acid Ratio | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.17 | Average base/acid Ratio | 1.16 | Name: Jared Philip Condez Date Performed: June 28‚ July 2 & 5‚ 2013 Partner: Shiela Mae Molina Date Submitted: July 12‚ 2013 Experiment 3 ACID – BASE TITRATION I. Objectives * Determine the purity of Potassium Acid Phthalate * To titrate effectively
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