wall. The governing flows of two reliable articles were initially modeled and after validating calculations‚ the given flow of the study was solved by finite volume method. To examine the effects of different factors‚ such as Prandtl‚ Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers on heat transfer in a square enclosure‚ the laminar flow of Newtonian fluids was approximated and then laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids‚ such as carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxy poly methylene (Carbopol) water solutions were
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have low reactivity. • Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer discovered a new element on August 18‚ 1868 while looking at the chromosphere of the Sun‚ and named it helium after the Greek word for the Sun‚ ήλιος (ílios or helios). • Lord Rayleigh theorized that the nitrogen extracted from air was mixed with another gas‚ leading to an experiment that successfully isolated a new element‚ argon‚ from the Greek word αργός (argós‚ "inactive"). • With this discovery‚ they realized an entire
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AN EFFICIENT ICI CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE FOR OFDM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Technology In Electronics System and Communication By BRAHMAJI T.A.R.K. Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela 2009 AN EFFICIENT ICI CANCELLATION TECHNIQUE FOR OFDM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Technology
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The importance of scientific research "Life is short‚ experience treacherous‚ judgment difficult‚" said Hypocrates‚ the Father of Medicine. two thousand years ago‚ no less than now‚ judgment was difficult‚ life short; the barber was the surgeon and major operations were equivalent to death warrants ! The physician‚ when he did not refer to the ancients‚ was still looking to chance experience for his knowledge; while ’Asiatic cholera’ stalked the land. then it was that experience which began
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Two treaties put into effect over the past 20 years have set limits on the testing of nuclear weapons . The Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963‚ which has been signed by more than 120 nations prohibits nuclear explosions in the atmosphere ‚oceans and the space‚ allowing only them underground .The Thresh hold Test Ban Treaty of 1976‚ a bilateral agreement between the US and the USSR‚ prohibits underground tests of nuclear weapons with a yield greater than 150 kilotons. In the present climate of widespread
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from ground state to higher sates. While scattering‚ there are various possible things that might happen. To explain Raman‚ I have mentioned three of them here. From the figure delineated below‚ we can see an elastic scattering of light namely‚ Rayleigh
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difference had been caused by experimental errors. About 100 years later‚ Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsey discover Argon in 1894. For Ramsey‚ it is was as early as 1885-1890 when he published several notable papers on the oxides of nitrogen and followed those up with the discovery of Argon‚ Helium‚ Neon‚ Krypton‚ and Xenon. Led to the conclusion by different paths and‚ at first‚ without working together‚ both Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsey succeeded in proving that there must exist a previously
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Joseph John "J. J." Thomson In 1897 Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle‚ and thus he is credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and‚ in a broader sense‚ with the discovery of the first subatomic particle. Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913‚ as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions). He invented
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error performance because the code words with small non-coherent distances are rare. GENERAL TERMS-Non-coherent detection‚ block coded modulation(BCM)‚ multilevel coding(MLC)‚ bit error rate(BER)‚ Signal to noise ratio(SNR). KEYWORDS-AWGN‚ Rayleigh‚ Flat fading channel related to SNR‚ that is high BER causes low SNR. High BER causes increases packet loss‚ increase in delay and decreases throughputin wireless channels‚ several models have been proposed and investigated to calculate SNR. All the models
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Abstract— The calculation of dispersion curves and‚ therefore‚ the rheological properties is possible by analyzing how the different phase velocity modes behave in the medium of interest. Shear wave propagation in “thin” organs is affected by the mechanical properties of the tissues surrounding those organs. In order to obtain the proper mechanical properties of such boundary sensitive organs‚ an analytical solution for the dispersion curves on a plate surrounded by semi-infinite solids was derived
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