of its cost and complexity‚ project finance is aimed at large-scale investments. The key is in the precise estimation of cash flows and risk analysis and allocation‚ which enables high leverage‚ and in ensuring that the project can be easily separated from the sponsors involved. Project finance is more difficult in emerging countries‚ which tend to pose unpredictable risks with unfavorably biased results. This study investigates the role of project finance as a driver of economic growth. It is
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Multinational Tax Management • Tax planning for multinational operations is an extremely complex but important aspect of international business. • To plan effectively‚ MNCs must understand not only the intricacies of their own operations worldwide‚ but also the different structures and interpretations of tax liabilities across countries. • The primary objective of multinational tax planning is the minimization of the firm’s worldwide tax burden. Multinational Tax Management • Taxes have a major
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Raising Finance Source of finance Description of source of finance Advantages Disadvantrages Personal sources Peronal sources tend to be the first form of finance used by very small firms. And important personal source of finance is the savings that the entrepreneur accumulated before starting up the business. #Savings are a cheap form of finance as they do not involve paying any interest. #Using savings enables the owner to keep control of the business. This is especially valuable to those
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Financial Dimensions in Green Management – Understanding Carbon Finance Sudha.S Introduction Environmental consciousness is taking its shape in various dimensions in today’s complex business world. The five mega issues which are impacting the behaviour of companies and in turn their strategies are the Climate Change‚ Polution/Health Consciousness‚ Globalization backlash‚ Energy Crunch and Erosion of Trust.[1] The finance sector is impacted because the world commands a hefty price for Carbon
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Understanding Gas-Condensate Reservoirs How does a company optimize development of a gas-condensate field‚ when depletion leaves valuable condensate fluids in a reservoir and condensate blockage can cause a loss of well productivity? Gas-condensate fields present this puzzle. The first step must be to understand the fluids and how they flow in the reservoir. Li Fan College Station‚ Texas‚ USA Billy W. Harris Wagner & Brown‚ Ltd. Midland‚ Texas A. (Jamal) Jamaluddin Rosharon‚ Texas Jairam
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Bachelor of Commerce: Finance & Economics Specialist (Effective 2012/13) 1. Program Overview & Required Courses Overview and Summary •This is a four-year honours program which leads to the Bachelor of Commerce •This Specialist requires 10.0 RSM + 10.0 non-RSM‚ with 13.5 specified FCEs •10 RSM = 4.0 required + 2.0 specified electives + 4.0 unspecified electives •10 non-RSM = 1.0 MAT + 6.5 ECO + 2.5 unspecified FAS electives First-Year Requirements •RSM100Y Introduction to Management
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“Banking‚ Finance‚ and Money: a Socio-economics Approach” L. Randall Wray‚ Professor of Economics and Director of Research at Center for Full Employment and Price Stability‚ University of Missouri—Kansas City; and Senior Scholar‚ Levy Economics Institute at Bard College. This paper will briefly summarize the orthodox approach to banking‚ finance‚ and money and then will point the way toward an alternative based on socio-economics. It will be argued that the alternative approach not only fits
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S. Wright Finance Mr. Cambronero “International Trade and the Effects of the current Financial Crisis” What is International Trade? According to Reem Heakal‚ “International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy‚ in which prices‚ or supply and demand‚ affect and are affected by global events”. For example‚ Political change in Asia could result in an increase in the cost of labor‚ thereby increasing the manufacturing
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Sources of Finance The financing of every business is the most fundamental aspect of its management. Get the financing right and the company will have a healthy business‚ positive cash flows and ultimately a profitable enterprise. The financing can happen at any stage of a business ’s development. On commencement of your enterprise the business entity will need finance to start up and‚ later on‚ finance to expand. Finance sources may be internal or external but they may also be short‚ medium or
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SOURCES OF FINANCE There are various sources available to meet short term needs of finance. The different sources are discussed below: 7.1 Trade Credit: It represents credit granted by suppliers of goods‚ etc.‚ as an incident of sale. The usual duration of such credit is 15 to 90 days. It generates automatically in the course of business and is common to almost all business operations. It can be in the form of an ’open account’ or ’bills payable’. Trade credit is preferred as a source of finance because
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