are called ‘Friedel-Crafts’ alkylations and acylations‚ named for Charles Friedel of France and James Crafts of the United States‚ who together developed the procedures in 1877. The Friedel-Crafts reactions are an important part of a synthetic chemist’s toolbox to this day. Friedel Crafts reactions‚ like their biochemical counterparts‚ require reactive electrophiles with significant carbocation character. One of the most common ways to alkylate an aromatic ring is to use an alkyl chloride electrophile
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chemical reaction takes place. For the purpose of this lab we measured the rate a balanced oxidation/reduction reaction between iodine‚ hydrogen‚ and bromate ion occurs. The above reaction occurs slowly so we used a coupled iodine clock reaction to measure the rate of the oxidation/reduction reaction because it occurs much faster but is still dependent upon the other reaction. To accomplish this‚ two mixtures were prepared in separate Erlenmeyer flasks. In the 250 ml flask .010M potassium iodide‚ .0010M
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Replacement Reactions (Data and Calculations) Objective: Classify the chemical reaction through observation‚ which each reagent produce when mixed with another reagent. After careful observation‚ be able to prove each observation using the net ionic equation. Background: First‚ a double-replacement reaction is when two cations in different compound switch anions‚ AX + BZ → BY. If either compounds are insoluble a precipitate occurs‚ and if there is no precipitate formed there is no reaction. Also‚
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Endothermic and Exothermic reactions A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are chemically changed into one or more new substances. A chemical reaction may involve the motion of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds. Therefore when a chemical reaction takes place‚ energy is transferred to‚ or from‚ the environment. A Chemical reaction can either be exothermic or endothermic. Exothermic Reactions During an Exothermic Reaction a transfer of energy to the
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Reaction Paper: Forgiveness and Empathy The ability to be empathetic toward others and forgive is without a doubt essential to relationships between people. Loren Toussaint and Jon R. Webb ’s study "Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Empathy and Forgiveness" gives some insight into how gender may influence the frequency in the use of empathy and forgiveness. From the data collected from the study their also seemed to be a difference in the way empathy is linked to forgiveness in men
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CHEM111AC‚ Experiment#9 - Ionic Reactions Discussion/Error Analysis In the first part of this experiment‚ the student was presented with 7 unique and unidentified bottles of solutions labeled A-G and was expected to be able to analyze the 7 solutions through trial and error and mixing them with one another. For solution A: mixing A + B formed a precipitate‚ A + C generated heat‚ A + D gave no reaction‚ A + E gave no reaction‚ A + F gave no reaction‚ A + G formed a precipitate. For solution B: mixing
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* . Introduction Endothermic reactions are accompanied by the absorption of heat. The dissolving of ammonium nitrate in water is an example of an endothermic reaction. The solution resulting from this mixture is colder than either the ammonium nitrate or the water. This is the simple explanation of what happens in an instant ice pack. The more detailed information will be discussed in the following paragraphs. Cold Packs Most cold packs come with a fabric cover made to absorb condensation and
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Chemical Reactions and their Classifications 26 October 2012 Abstract: Ordinary laboratory ware was used to determine how many of what type of chemical reactions occurred. This yielded three decomposition reactions‚ four substitution reactions‚ and three metathesis reactions. Introduction There are many different types of chemical reactions in the study of chemistry; A composition reaction (also known as synthesis) is defined as the reaction that occurs when two single compounds combine in
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Polymerase chain reaction The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude‚ generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis‚ PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications. These include DNA cloning for sequencing‚ DNA-based phylogeny
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IODINE-CLOCK REACTION DATE SUBMITTED: 14 DECEMBER 2012 DATE PERFORMED: 7 DECEMBER 2012 ABSTRACT Chemical kinetics involving reaction rates and mechanisms is an essential part of our daily life in the modern world. It helps us understand whether particular reactions are favorable and how to save time or prolong time during each reaction. Experiment demonstrated the how concentration‚ temperature and presence of a catalyst can change the rate of a reaction. 5 runs of dilution and reaction were made
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