2013 “Reaction Classes and Pericyclic Reactions” ● 4 Lectures ● Recommended Texts: (i) J. March “Advanced Organic Chemistry”‚ p 839‚ `---Edn.‚ Oxford (W); Warren (2) Ch 34‚ 35. Syllabus 1) General principles (a) Reaction classes (i) Heterolytic (ii) Homolytic (iii) Pericyclic (b) Pericyclic Reaction Types 2) Electrocyclic Reactions (a) Definition and examples (b) Stereochemical aspects and the Woodward and Hoffmann rules 3) Cycloaddition Reactions (a) Definition
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Heat of Formation of Magnesium Oxide Objetive: To determine the heat formation of MgO (Magnesium Oxide) using Hess’s Law‚ which states the heat within a chemical reaction is independent of the pathway between the initial and final states. Introduction: Chemical reactions require heat energy to complete‚ called an endothermic reaction‚ or produce heat energy‚ and thus called an exothermic reaction. The heat energy produced by such reactions can be measured using a calorimeter‚ a piece
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High School Students’ Conceptions about Energy in Chemical Reactions (focusing only in exothermic and endothermic reactions). Aim The aim of this study is to investigate students’ understanding of the energy concept in chemical reactions particularly in endothermic-exothermic reactions. Both qualitative and quantitative methodology was used for this investigation. A twenty-item multiple choice test was developed about the topic to measure the students’ understandings. This concept test was
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Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions happen in almost everything around us. Reactions are very important in everyday life‚ and science. Chemical reactions are the changing of substances to other substances by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of new bonds in products. There are different types of chemical reactions such as combination reaction‚ decomposition reaction‚ single-replacement reaction‚ double-replacement reaction‚ and combustion reaction. Combination
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Lab #5: Grignard Reaction – Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol John Kang Chem 152L Performed: 7/20/04 Date submitted: ________________ Lab Partners: Sang Lee‚ Vicky Lai TA: John Stanko Abstract: This experiment explored the synthesis of triphenylmethanol through the use of Grignard reagents. The percent yield of the product was 10% on a relatively humid day. The melting point was calculate to be 127.2oC with a literature value of 162oC. An IR spectrum of the product was taken and used
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Lab #4: Aqueous Reactions Introduction: In this experiment we studied the two different types of aqueous chemical reactions‚ double replacement and single replacement. In a double replacement reaction one or both of the products is an insoluble ionic compound or otherwise known as a precipitate; or a non-electrolyte; or a gas. In a single replacement reaction there is typically a metal and an ionic compound consisting of a metal cation and a non-meatl anion. Singel replacement ractions occur when
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Chemical Reactions What is a Chemical Reaction? Types of Chemical Reactions Redox Reactions Nonredox Reactions Classifying Reactions What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a process in which the identity of at least one substance changes. A chemical equation represents the total chemical change that occurs in a chemical reaction using symbols and chemical formulas for the substances involved. Reactants are the substances that are changed and products are the substances that are
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The hypothesis If a chemical reaction occurs‚ then there will be indicators of a chemical change‚ was supported throughout this experiment. Throughout this experiment there were several reactions that took place‚ and an indicator of such chemical reactions could be seen throughout each one. The first piece of identifiable evidence was present in the first step‚ which was when copper (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide were combined. When stirred‚ a blue precipitate formed at the bottom of the test
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Elimination Reactions ________________________________________ As described previously‚ primary alkyl halides generally undergo substitution reactions with simple nucleophiles by an SN2 mechanism. Secondary alkyl halides‚ often react with simple basic nucleophiles to give a mixture of products arising from both substitution and elimination. As with substitution reactions‚ the rate at which elimination reactions proceed can be proportional to both the concentration of the base and the concentration
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Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement‚ not replace the laboratory manual. SN1 Reaction Notes Background and Application Substitution Nucleophilic First Order (SN1) reactions are one of the most common type of organic reactions. SN1 reactions can be used to make a wide variety of new compounds. In this experiment‚ t-amyl alcohol will be converted by a SN1 mechanism to 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. Safety Precautions Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid is 12M. It will cause visible destruction
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