the presence of a base = unstable intermediate (hemiacetal/hydrate) - nucleophiles with good leaving groups (anions i.e. Cl-‚ RO-‚ RCO2-) = unstable - starting carbonyl compound with good leaving group = unstable (makes a Tetrahedral intermediate then collapses to form the starting carbonyl group) i.e. Grignard reagent added to an ester
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SIDE EFFECTS Can saccharin cause side effects?‚ Since it’s nonnutritive‚ saccharin goes right through the body without being digested. This may make it a better choice than sugar for people with diabetes. However‚ due to its sweet taste‚ it may still cause your body to release insulin. Researchers continue to examine saccharin’s effects on overall health. This is due to its impact on gut bacteria.Increased glucose intolerance can result in a prediabetic condition known as hyperglycemia. This means
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Anthony Young Partner: Nick Dale TA: Alekhya 6/15/15 The SN2 Reaction: Factors Affecting SN2 Reaction. Introduction In the substitution reactions‚ the leaving group from the substrate is replaced with the nucleophile. Because of the nucleophile it is called nucleophilic substitution. The lone pair of electrons‚ present on the nucleophile is used to create a new bond with the carbon atom‚ from which the leaving group was separated. There are two different mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution: SN1
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Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement‚ not replace the laboratory manual. SN1 Reaction Notes Background and Application Substitution Nucleophilic First Order (SN1) reactions are one of the most common type of organic reactions. SN1 reactions can be used to make a wide variety of new compounds. In this experiment‚ t-amyl alcohol will be converted by a SN1 mechanism to 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. Safety Precautions Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid is 12M. It will cause visible destruction
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Elimination Reactions ________________________________________ As described previously‚ primary alkyl halides generally undergo substitution reactions with simple nucleophiles by an SN2 mechanism. Secondary alkyl halides‚ often react with simple basic nucleophiles to give a mixture of products arising from both substitution and elimination. As with substitution reactions‚ the rate at which elimination reactions proceed can be proportional to both the concentration of the base and the concentration
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SN1 Reactions For SN1 reactions it’s important to have a good leaving group because this reaction occurs in two steps. Because alcohol is such a poor leaving group it needs to be helped by silver nitrate to help promote the ionization of the alkyl halide. This helps form the products of the SN1 reaction. 2-chlorobutane This reaction didn’t occur because the carbocation isn’t stable enough for an SN1 reaction. 2-bromobutane This reaction occurred in 32 seconds. This reaction occurred quickly
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Reaction on Reaction Paper The first thing that came to my mind when I have heard about Reaction paper is “What exactly is it?” and before I get an understanding of that‚ I resisted that change. But later‚ when I have studied about it and understood its purpose‚ I have started thinking “Why people avoid change at the first look without an analysis?” The general human tendency is to live in a comfortable zone in which he has lived for quite some time. He draws a circle‚ thinks that circle is his
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PUTTING IT TOGETHER: Classifying Chemical Reactions Purpose: To observe and differentiate between the four different types of chemical reactions. Variables: The independent variables are the sodium chloride‚ sodium carbonate‚ magnesium‚copper‚ copper (11) sulfate‚ silver nitrate‚ oxygen‚ lead(11) nitrate‚ sodium carbonate‚ copper (11) sulfate pentahydrate. The dependent variables are the chemical reactions that are being looked for. For example decomposition‚ synthesis‚ single displacement or double
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ASSIGNMENT in DOMESTIC TOURISM and GEOGRAPHY *Rehabilitation of EDSA* *Reclamation of Manila Bay* Submitted by: NAEG‚ Nelian N. III-CTM Submitted to: Prof. Arnold Germina Reaction Paper Rehabilitation of EDSA: The rehabilitation of EDSA is one of the nicest ideas to ease the traffic in Metro Manila especially it is a major highway and almost everybody use it. In contrast to that‚ Pres. Aquino is right to suspend it and make further study about it. Surely‚ it will take time to
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Aldol In this preparative lab‚ an aldol (trans-p-anisalacetophenone) was produced from the reaction between p-anisaldehyde and acetophenone with the presence sodium hydroxide. The reaction also showed the importance of an enolate and the role it played in the mechanism. Sodium hydroxide acts as a catalyst in this experiment and is chosen because of its basic conditions and pH. The acetophenone carries an alpha hydrogen that has a pKa between 18 and 20. This alpha hydrogen is acidic because of its
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