Volumetric Determination of Impure Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Introduction: To determine the total amount of carbonate in unrefined sodium carbonate‚ soda ash‚ a titration is done using a standardized solution of HCl. Aqueous HCl is a strong acid and therefore almost completely disassociates into H+ and CL-. Therefore‚ when HCl is used in a titration‚ the H+ is the titrant. Carbonate in aqueous solution is able to accept a proton‚ i.e. it acts as a base. When carbonate accepts the H+ a bicarbonate ion is
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and sought to discover which ratio of an acid and base reaction produced the most amount of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) without leaving leftover reactants. 5 varying amounts of bases were added to a constant amount of acid (10 ml) to better understand which ratio was the most efficient. RESULTS Data collected from the lab suggests that the ratio of acid to base that produced the most carbon dioxide gas (CO2) was 1:0.5. This means that for every one mole of acid‚ 0.5 moles of base would be added. The
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the reaction of butanols with hydrobromic acid. Before the lab began we discussed and proposed mechanisms. (see “Mechanisms”) To begin this experiment we calculated how much of each material we were going to be using‚ and the numbers we chose to use differed from our reference text slightly. We used 6.5 mL of our assigned butanol and only 4 mL of sulfuric acid. Going back to our reaction mechanisms‚ we were looking at SN1 and SN2 reactions‚ so we of course used the hydrobromic acid as our acid catalyst
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Main aim of experiment 5 is to use the biuret test to quantify the concentration of the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) then constructing a standard curve graph and to use the spectrophotometer to perform an enzyme assay using different concentration of the BSA. Experiment 5 also verifies the Beer-Lambert Law‚ which is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorbing species. Absorbance formula is shown in fig. 1.1. However‚ the Beer-Lambert Law is not obeyed at high concentration
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Analysis of Soda Ash and Volumetric Analysis of a Carbonate-Bicarbonate Mixture Buti‚ Mary Daphne A. Department of Chemical Engineering‚ Faculty of Engineering University of Santo Tomas España‚ Manila Abstract Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)‚ commonly known by trade name soda ash‚ is a white‚ anhydrous‚ powdered or granular material that is an essential raw material used in the manufacturing of glass‚ detergents‚ chemicals‚ and other industrial products. In this experiment‚ the percent alkalinity
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Title: Redox Reaction Introduction: Some of the most important chemical reactions are Redox reactions. They are also known as oxidation-reduction reactions. This reaction passes one or more electrons from one species to another. The species that loses electrons are being oxidized while the species that gains electrons are reduced. The reaction occurs simultaneously. Numbers are given to each element in a chemical reaction to help us find out which element is oxidized and which is
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Calcium Hydroxide Titrated with Hydrochloric Acid By: Juliana Kadiasi Signature__________________________________________ (Experimental team: Ashley Tsao‚ Sophie Alvarez‚ Catherine Hering) IB Chemistry HL B3 For: Mr. Ahmed. Belmir 15 September 2014 Criteria Aspect IA IA Total Design 1. Identified Problem & relevant variables 2. Procedure controls variables 3. Procedure & relevant sufficient data Data Collection & Processing 1. Precise & accurate
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Introduction In order to determine the content of calcium and magnesium in an unknown sample of limestone‚ the utilization of atomic absorption spectrophotometry can help in deciphering the unknown concentrations of each molecule in the limestone sample. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry‚ emits radiation of the correct frequency that is passed through a flame and the intensity of the transmitted radiation is measured¹.The calcium concentration or ppm can be measured using the absorbance of the
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Finding the Activation Energy of the reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulfate The equation for the reaction is: S2O32- (aq) + 2H+(aq) ⋄ SO2 (g) + S(s) + H2O (l) Equipment - 2 boiling tubes - 400 cm3 beakers - Marker pen - Stand and clamp - Timer - Bunsen burner‚ tripod and gauze - 0 – 100 oC thermometer - 2 x 10 cm3 measuring cylinders - Access to a fume cupboard. Method 1. Label two boiling tubes A and B. Mark a dark spot on the side of a 400cm3 beaker‚ then ½ fill
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Experiment 4: Analyze a solution of potassium hydroxide using standard hydrochloric acid Theory . Introduction: Titration is a procedure used in chemistry in order to determines the molarity of an acid or a base. In the other words‚ it is also consider as acid-base neutralization reaction (Darrell D. Ebbing 1976). A chemical reaction is set up between a know volume of a solution of unknown concentration and a known volume of a solution with a known concentration. The relative acidity or
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