Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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Factors that Affect the Rate of Reaction of Peroxidase Purpose: To determine the effect of various factors on the rate of reaction between an enzyme and its substrate‚ and also to determine the optimal ranges under which the enzyme activity is maximized. Also to determine whether saline and alcohol are inhibitors or activators Hypothesis: PH factor prediction: I predict that as the pH increases so the activity of the enzyme will increase until it reaches optimum pH range (pH 7) because the
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2014 Empirical Analysis of Mendel’s Laws Objective: To determine if Mendel’s law of segregation and independent assortment genetic principle’s hold true by observing the genotypes of both the F1 and F2 generation of Drosophilia Melanogaster flies and applying the Chi Square analysis to the F2 offspring to see if the our results fall inside or outside statistical variation. Methods: This experiment was carried out over a five-week process. Each lab bench crossed two parental generations:
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The purpose of the lab was to find out the chemical elements based on the color of the flame that elements make by their reaction. The work we completed in the lab was testing the chemical effects of the flame from the chemicals. We tested different elements and wrote down our observations. I accomplished the knowledge of testing chemicals and making responses based on our observations.Electrons are the particles found in the chemicals that may be responsible for the production of colored light.
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Lab report April 14‚ 2013 Abstract: In this article‚ we will experiment on the significant in strength of the enzyme by using three different test tubes and measuring the amount of product they give off. To determine this we are going to test the amount of color absorbance by using a special tool to help us understand our results. We will see how our end results show the effect of the amount of concentration we apply to each test tube. The results would be shown by the support of two graphs
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1: INTRODUCTION When studying the function of catalysts in reactions during the kinetics unit‚ I was eager to know more about the position of enzymes‚ which function as biological catalysts in biological systems. After doing some further research‚ I found that catalase‚ an enzyme‚ which is found in nearly all living organisms such as animals‚ catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the blood. H2O2 is produced by reactions in the white blood cells in our body to fight against diseases
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Title: The affects of hydrogen peroxide on catalase reactions in animal and plant cells at different temperatures and states. Introduction: All living organisms in the kingdoms of life are composed of and depend on cells to function normally. Not all cells‚ however‚ are alike. There are two primary types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Cells contain organelles‚ or tiny cellular structures‚ that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation. (Regina Bailey Updated
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Calculations CALCULATION IN ORDER TO FIND THE PERCENTAGE OF VITAMIN C Chemical reaction: C6H8O6 + I2→ 2I + C6H6O6 Ascorbic Acid: C6H8O6 Relative formula mass of C6H8O6= (12.01076) + (1.007948) + (15.99946)= 176.12412 g/mol Convert Iodine lost from mL to dm-3 = Iodine lost in mL1000= Iodine lost in dm-3 Convert Iodine lost (dm-3) to moles (n) by multiplying it with the concentration of Iodine used: n=0.005 Iodine lost in dm-3= mol of C6H8O6 Find the mass (g) of C6H8O6 in 50 mL by using this
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The graph for run 1‚ which plotted ln(Abs at 595nm) versus time‚ a first order reaction‚ with an R^2 value of 0.99621 was the most linear. Therefore‚ crystal violet is a first order reaction. The observed rate constant from run 2‚ as shown in figure 4‚ was significantly lower then the observed rate constant from run 1‚ shown in figure 1. Therefore‚ the R^2 for the first order reaction for run 2‚ 0.946418‚ represented in figure 4‚ which is also extremely low‚ was not taken into consideration for calculations
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Buffer I has a pH >5‚ meaning both proteins carry a negative charge and bind to the DEAE (a positively charged resin). (b) pH = pKa + log10(Base/Acid) [Base = mM of sodium acetate; Acid = mM of acetic acid] = 4.7 + log10 (40/40) = 4.7 In order for the catalase to elute from the column‚ it must have lost its negative charge and stopped binding to the DEAE. Lowering the pH nullifies the negative charge on the protein molecules. The pH of Buffer II is 4.7‚ which is < pI‚ the protein will be
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