dew‚ or dry particles. • more accurate term is "acid precipitation." • defined as any type of precipitation with a pH that is unusually low The Causes: • occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere‚ undergo chemical transformations and are absorbed by water droplets in clouds • then fall to earth as rain‚ snow‚ mist‚ dry dust‚ hail‚ or sleet. • Dissolved carbon dioxide dissociates to form weak carbonic acid giving a pH of approximately 5.6 at typical atmospheric
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10.1 COMMON ACIDS and ALKALIS in DAILY LIFE A. ACIDS 1) In our daily life‚ there are many foods‚ drinks and flavourings that taste sour. e.g. yoghurt’ lemons and vinegar. 2) They taste sour because they contain acids‚ which give the sour taste. e.g. Yoghurt contains lactic acid. Lemons contain citric acid. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid. 3) Many household cleaners and personal care products also contain acids. e.g. Toilet bowl cleaners contain hydrochloric acid. Some body lotions
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Purpose To test the reactions of primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary alcohols with acid and with an oxidizing agent. Materials chemical safety goggles lab apron protective gloves test-tube rack eyedropper dropper bottles containing butan-1-ol butan-2-ol 2-methylpropan-2-ol potassium permanganate solution‚ KMnO4 (aq) (0.01 mol/L) concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ HCl (aq) (12 mol/L) (for teacher use only) Procedure 1) Put on your safety goggles‚ apron‚ and protective gloves.
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1-bromobutane‚ an SN2 reaction Preparation of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane‚ an SN1 reaction Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added
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Unknown #: 146 Fall-11 Organic Chemistry Midterm Report 13 October 2011 Table of Contents Separation of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 3 Extraction and Purification of Caffeine from Tea 4 Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg 5 Conversion of t-butanol to t-butyl chloride 6 Appendix 7 Calculations 8 Literature and Experimental Values of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 9 Experimental Caffeine IR 10 Literature Caffeine IR 11 Experimental Trimyristin IR
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Trapal‚ Mariel B. Prof. T.D. Macasil BSE Physical Science Reactions of amines Reaction of amines with acids – acids and amines form ammonium salts. R – NH2 + HCl → R – NH3+ + OH – Amine acid amine salt Example 1 CH3 – NH2 + HCl → CH3 – NH3 + Cl- Methylamine Methylammonium Example 2 CH3CH2 – NH3 + Cl → CH3CH2NH2 . HCl Ethylammonium Ethylamine Reaction of amine with water – when amines react with water‚ they produce hydroxide ( OH
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to practice common organic laboratory techniques inside the lab to get one oriented to the basic methods of procedure that can be used for later experiments. This experiment involves the separation of benzoic acid from a more crude form‚ consisting of benzoic acid‚ methyl orange‚ a common acid/base indicator‚ and cellulose‚ a natural polymer of glucose (Huston‚ and Liu 17-24). The technique that is used to perform this separation is called extraction. Extraction is a systematic process of separating
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August 28‚ 2009 [PROBLEM SET FROM R. CHANG TEST BANK] Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: A table of ionization constants and Ka’s is required to work some of the problems in this chapter. 1. In which one of the following solutions will acetic acid have the greatest percent ionization? A. B. C. D. 2. Which one of the following is a buffer solution? A. B. C. D. E. 3. 0.40 M HCN and
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Acid-base titration Aim To study the titration curve of a strong base-strong acid‚ strong base-weak acid and weak acid-strong base titrations Introduction Acid-base titrations are based on the neutralization reaction between the analyte and an acidic or basic titrant. When an acid and a base are present in a stoichiometric amount e.g. 1 mole HCl added to 1 mole NaOH‚ this means that the equivalent point has been reached in an acid-base system. The end point of an acid-base titration can be
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concentration of an acid affects the rate of the reaction. I have set up the experiment’s equipment as shown on figure 1. As you can see by figure 1‚ I have used the reaction between sodium thisoulphate solution and hydrochloric acid (HCL) to come up with results that will help me draw conclusions regarding the effects of the concentration of the acid. I decided to use this particular reaction due to the fact that the product of the reaction between sodium thisoulphate and hydrochloric acid (HCL) is precipitates
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