Polymerase chain reaction The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude‚ generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis‚ PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications. These include DNA cloning for sequencing‚ DNA-based phylogeny
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Bowens Reaction Series Mineral occurrence in igneous rock is most simply explained by Bowen’s reaction series. Norman Levi Bowen discovered the series of reactions while studying the process of crystallizing minerals in Washington‚ D.C. in 1928. In order to best express his findings to his scientific brethren‚ Bowen created a visual display based on when and under what conditions each silicate mineral crystallized. This is extremely important to geologists because it helps them to easily understand
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Virtual Lab: Enzyme Controlled Reactions Worksheet 1. Which of the following does NOT apply to an enzyme: Inorganic 2. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction: Substrate(s) bind in the active site 3. Which of the following would interfere most with the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction? Reduced concentration of substrate available 4. Feedback mechanisms regulate the rate of enzyme activity‚ effectively “turning off” an enzyme
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Dystonic Reaction Dystonia is a condition that makes your muscles contract without warning (muscle spasms). It can cause unwanted jerking of muscle groups that can be uncomfortable. This condition is rarely life threatening. CAUSES A dystonic reaction is most often a side effect to a particular medicine. These reactions occur when the normal patterns of the nerve receptors are upset by a particular medicine and the imbalance causes multiple types of muscle spasm. This condition may also be caused
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ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS Lecture by Dr.Shehla Shaheen Adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from the administration of a therapeutic dose of a drug. OTHER WORDS USED SYNONYMOUSLY; SIDE EFFECTS TOXIC EFFECTS HARMFUL EFFECTS UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS All drugs can produce harmful as well as beneficial effects. ADRs are either related or unrelated to the principal pharmacological actions of the drugs Adverse effects are of great concern to drug regulatory authorities.
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is being released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. My lab partner and I had to determine the heat exchanged when solid magnesium hydroxide is mixed with solid citric acid‚ using a coffee cup calorimeter. Given that citric acid is soluble in water is the property that makes this reaction possible. The first law of thermodynamics and Hess’s law are also present within this experiment. Knowing the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions is also relevant. If the temperature goes down
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In Reaction 1‚ the mass of the pre-cut copper wire was measured with watch glass on the analytical balance‚ the mass was recorded using as many significant figures as possible on Table 2. The copper wire was bended into a circle and laid flat on the bottom of the 250 mL beaker. Inside the fume hood‚ 4mL 16M of HNO3 was added into the 250mL beaker that contained the copper wire. The copper wire was completely dissolved by swirling the beaker. The observation was recorded in Table 3. For Reaction 2
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Change of Reaction Purpose of Experiment The purpose of this experiment is to determine the enthalapy change for the displacement reaction: Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) Hypothesis With this experiment I can also not make a hypothesis‚ because we did actually not do the experiment‚ but we were told that the temperature would make a sudden drop ‚ but we can measure the ΔT of the surrounding. The reaction is endothermic because the system will take in energy. During the reaction bonds
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complete sentences‚ giving detailed explanations and support for each of your answers. 1. Explain in your own words what it means for a chemical system to be in the state of dynamic equilibrium. After a reaction has occurred for awhile at a given temperature‚ the forward and reverse reaction rate will eventually be equal. Although you may get this confused‚ the concentration may not be equal‚ but the rate will. This occurs in a closed system. In other terms‚ dynamic equilibrium is when no change
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Pygmalion in Management: Reaction Most managers have a common sense about the impact of expectation. They understand higher expectations motivate subordinates to perform better. But when it comes to applying the theory in daily life‚ only a few managers hold the magic power in hands and could change other people’s destinies. There must be something ordinary people cannot overcome. What is it? In the article Pygmalion in Management‚ J. Sterling Livingston (1969) was spearheading the point: to be
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