Chemistry F332 Notes Ions in solids and solutions: Structure of an ionic lattice (Sodium Chloride): * Consists of sodium ions (Na+) surrounded by six chloride ions (Cl-) * Chloride ions also surrounded by six sodium ions. * Held together by attraction of oppositely charged ions. * Giant ionic lattice. * Electrostatic bonds hold lattices together. * Structure is simple cubic. * Some ionic crystals contain water. * Known as water of crystallisation. * These crystals
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extract a metal Industrial mineral- either has some direct practical use‚ or take part in some industrial process Gems and precious stones are an exception to industrial metals as they do have a direct ‘practical’ application but are dealt with separately. Some common minerals include: * * Silica- (silicon dioxide) most common mineral on earth * Calcite- (calcium carbonate) main mineral in limestone and marble Ore: A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable
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Ocean County College Department of Chemistry Identification of Metallic Ions Date Submitted: July 4‚ 2015 Date Performed: July 4‚ 2015 Lab Section: Chem-181DL1 Course Instructor: Prof. Amal Bassa Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to perform and observe the flame tests of some alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. Procedure To begin I placed approximately 0.5 mL of sodium nitrate in a well of the 24-well plate. I then placed approximately 0.5 mL of the remaining
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Thermochemistry: An Ice Calorimeter Determination of Reaction Enthalpy Curtis M. Franklin Thursday‚ February 14‚ 2013 ABSTRACT An ice calorimetric measurement was used to determine that a reaction involving solid magnesium metal and 1.00M sulfuric acid produces an experimental a value of ∆H = -226 ± 28 kJ/mol at 0°C. This is about 48.4% lower than the expected value reported at 25°C. Introduction Many chemical reactions exhibit themselves by exchanging heat energy‚ either be absorbing
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exchange of positive and negative ions between reacting solutions of two ionic compounds. Thus‚ in this example the precipitate must be either silver chloride‚ AgCl or sodium nitrate‚ NaNO3. Sodium nitrate dissolves readily in water and is therefore soluble. Thus we can conclude that silver chloride is the insoluble precipitate. We can represent the formation of this precipitate by a net ionic equation: Ag+ +NO3 ̄ +Na++Cl ̄→AgCl+NO3 ̄+Na+ Net: Ag+ (aq)+Cl ̄ (aq)→AgCl(s) Ions present in the solution but
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Qualitative Analysis Qualitative is where the results give a colour that you have to match up to a colour chart‚ or have you have done to see if it is positive or negative with a description of what a positive reaction should look like. This test is less reliable as some colour or positive reaction look similar to each other or the same but by adding different chemicals. An example of qualitative would be a pH test as the result gives you a colour and then you have to match it up to the pH scale
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soluble salt MX Imagine the reaction that occurs when the solid is placed in water aMX (s) + H2O [pic] aMn+ (aq) + bXm- (aq) The equilibrium expression would be [Mn+]a [Xm-]b [MX]a [H2O] However the concentrations of both the solid AND the water are constants‚ so a new equilibrium expression called Ksp is derived Ksp = [Mn+]a [Xm-]b Note: The product of the concentration of ions of a sparingly soluble salt
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Transition Metals 1a) The d-orbitals of a free transition metal atom or ion are degenerate (all have the same energy.) However‚ when transition metals form coordination complexes‚ the d-orbitals of the metal interact with the electron cloud of the ligands in such a manner that the d-orbitals become non-degenerate (not all having the same energy.) The way in which the orbitals are split into different energy levels is dependent on the geometry of the complex. Crystal field theory can be used to predict
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DATE PERFORMED: JANUARY 6‚ 2011 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT OF A REACTION ABSTRACT The objective of the experiment was to determine the equilibrium constant of the reaction forming ferric thiocyanate through the use of Spectrophotometry. For the calibration‚ five standard solutions were prepared‚ then their respective absorbance values that were obtained through the use of the spectrophotometer‚ were plotted versus the concentration of the analyte so that a calibration
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enzyme involves monitoring the change in absorbance of the reaction medium at 405 nm. Exergonic (i.e energy producing reactions) exhibit a negative free energy change. Sometimes these reactions occur spontaneously‚ but generally some energy must be supplied to initiate the reaction; in other word an energy barrier exists between the reactants and the products. The “energy barrier” represents the activation energy of a chemical reaction. In this practical the activation energy of hydrolysis
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