Title of Experiment: An Activity Series Lab MSDS: Copper‚ Cu(s) Stability- Stable. Incompatible with strong acids‚ active halogen compounds‚ chlorine‚ fluorine‚ iodine‚ bromine‚ ammonia. May react explosively with strong oxidizing agents. Toxicology-Dust may cause respiratory irritation. Personal Protection- Suitable ventilation if handling powder. Zinc‚ Zn(s) Stability-Stable. Incompatible with amines‚ cadmium‚ sulfur‚ chlorinated solvents‚ strong acids‚ strong bases. Air and moisture
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alcohols (- H2O) or • dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (- HX). Zaitsev’s rule indicates that the preferred product is the more highly substituted‚ and therefore more stable alkene. But the rule is not always obeyed and the anti-Zaitsev (or Hofmann) product can dominate. Alkenes • Nomenclature • Stability • Structure • Reactivity Preparation of Alkenes • Dehydration of alcohols • Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides 1‚2 Elimination Reactions • Overview
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THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS 291 UNIT 10 THE s -BLOCK ELEMENTS The first element of alkali and alkaline earth metals differs in many respects from the other members of the group After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • describe the general characteristics of the alkali metals and their compounds; • explain the general characteristics of the alkaline earth metals and their compounds; • describe the manufacture‚ properties and uses of industrially important sodium and calcium
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2Cl- + Br2 Cl2 + 2I- ( 2Cl- + I2 Br2 + 2I- ( 2Br- + I2 • Down the group the outer electron is further from nucleus and more shielded so gained less easily 3) Trends in properties of the halides • The halides (chlorides‚ bromides and iodides) are reducing agents which lose an electron when they react • The ability to act as a reducing agent increases down the Group • Down the group the outer electron is further from nucleus and
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Chemistry : Important Questions For CBSE Class XII ( Haloalkanes and Haloarenes) (Q.1) Choose the incorrect statement about the benzyl chloride: ( 1 mark ) (a) It is less reactive than alkyl halides. (b) It can be oxidized to benzaldehyde by boiling with copper nitrate solution. (c) It is a lachrymatory liquid and answers beilstein’s test. (d) It gives a white precipitate with alcoholic silver nitrate (Q.2) Dry ether The reaction RX + 2Na + RX _______________? R-R + 2NaXis called. ( 1 mark
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Substitution Reactions* INTRODUCTION In class‚ we have been learning about substitution reactions and the various mechanisms by which they can occur. In a substitution reaction‚ a leaving group‚ usually a halide‚ is replaced by a nucleophile. Two mechanisms have been described for this reaction‚ a unimolecular (SN1) mechanism‚ and a bimolecular (SN2) mechanism. The stepwise unimolecular mechanism proceeds through a carbocation intermediate. These reactions are favored by the use of a substrate
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2012 Theory: Alkyl halides can be synthesized when alcohols react with hydrogen halides. An alkyl halide is a halogen-substituted alkane‚ and a hydrogen halide is a compound consisting of a hydrogen bonded to a halogen (H-X). Alkyl halides are classified as primary‚ secondary‚ or tertiary depending on the number of alkyl substituents directly attached to the carbon bearing the halogen atom. The purpose of this laboratory experiment was to prepare t-butyl-chloride‚ an alkyl halide‚ by dissolving t-butyl
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INTRODUCTION One of the most useful and general methods of preparing alkenes or olefins is based on the dehydration of alcohols with acids. Strong acids such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids are required to form the oxonium ion from which the hydronium ion is eliminated. “This cyclohexene from cyclohexanol reaction belongs to a broad class of organic transformations called elimination reactions‚ and within that class‚ this E1 elimination reaction constitutes another of the cornerstone
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01:04pm. 06/09/08.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-stilbene Epstein‚ Seidel‚ Young. Organic Chemistry laboratory‚ Experiments and Techniques. Hayden-McNeil Publishing 2008. Wikipedia.Aliquat 336 . 06/09/08. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquat_336 Ion Transfer Technology. Aliquat 336. 06/09/08. http://www.products.cognis.com/cognis/prodleafR2.nsf/($ProductsbyDocID_PL-Header)/REFABE5FB30096BF55485256D2E005CC9AE/$file/Aliquat_r_336_E.pdf A. Teichert‚ K. Jantos‚ K. Harms‚ A. Studer‚ Org. Lett.‚ 2004
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Chloride is used as a preservative for meat and to melt the ice on the roads. KCl is important for plant fertilizers since potassium helps plant growth. The metal halides form white ionic crystalline solids. They are all soluble in water except LiF because of a high lattice enthalpy due to the electrostatic attraction between Li+ and F- ions. All halogens are quite reactive‚ and in the natural world they always occur combined with other elements. Fluorine reacts so readily with almost any substance it
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