Santo Tomas‚ Espana Street‚ Manila 1008 Date Submitted: September 13‚ 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract Carboxylic acid derivatives namely‚ acyl halides‚ acid anhydrides‚ esters and amides were classified through different reactivity tests. The samples used were acetyl chloride for acyl halide group‚ acetic anhydride for acid anhydride group‚ ethyl acetate for ester group‚ acetamide and benzamide for amide group. These derivatives were identified through the mechanism
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demonstrate and explore how chemical reactivity is affected by variations in these properties. ~Atomic radius‚ ionization energy‚ electron affinity‚ effective nuclear charge and electronegativity are a just a few such parameters. Part A of this lab deals with the solubility of dissolved ions. The two primary factors involved when an ionic solid is dissolved (dissolution) in water are dissociation and solvation. --Dissociation‚ the separation of the ions from the crystalline solid‚ is related
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Subject Content Most of the objectives specified in this section relate to Knowledge with Understanding‚ although some indication has been given as to where the skills of Handling Information and Solving Problems may be developed. Teachers are reminded that‚ in the written papers‚ 40% of the marks are allocated to these higher ’thinking’ skills. In almost every section‚ students should therefore be given practice at dealing with unfamiliar situations so that these higher thinking skills can be developed
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – CLASS XI (ISC) Properties of Group 1 elements [Alkali metals] 1. Due to high reactivity‚ alkali metals do not occur free in nature. Elements of group 1 (or IA) are known as alkali metals because their hydroxides are soluble in water and form strongly alkaline solutions. Alkali metals are stored under kerosene oil because they get tarnished on exposure to air. 2. The general electron configuration of alkali metals is ns1. 3. Alkali metals have largest size and lowest
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Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides 1. Summary of Experiment In this experiment we will be comparing the both SN1 and SN2 reactions using various compounds and sodium iodide and silver nitrate. We will be comparing the nature of the leaving group (Cl vs Br) in the 1-halobutanes as well as the effect of the structure
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reaction Introduction: Alkyl halides undergo many reactions in which a nucleophile displaces the halogen atom bonded to the central carbon of the molecule. The displaced halogen atom becomes a halide ion. | | | | Some typical nucleophiles are the hydroxy group (−OH)‚ the alkoxy group (RO−)‚ and the cyanide ion (−C N). Reaction of these nucleophiles with an alkyl halide (R—X) gives the following reactions and products: | | | | The halogen ion that is displaced from the
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haloalkane‚ carbon in C-X bond possesses which partial electric charge? (a) Charge less (b) positive (c) negative (d) anionic 4) Which of the following bonds is the strongest? (a) (b) (c) (d) 5) Which of the following is vinyl halide? (a) CH2CL2 (b) CH2= CH-Cl (c) CH = C-Cl (d) 6) What is B in R-OH + PX5 R-X +B+ HX? (a) HPOX3 (b) H3PO3 (c) POX3 (d) H3PO2 7) Which catalyst is used in preparation of bromobenzene by bromination of benzene? (a)FeBr3 (b) HBr
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minimum basic change (Section 1-1H): The arrangement of this kind of reaction has been focused broadly‚ and much evidence has accumulated in moving of a stepwise process‚ which proceeds with first by base-catalyzed transfer of hydrogen halide (HX) from the aryl halide — as depicted underneath for the amination of bromobenzene: The aftereffect of the end reaction is a significantly responsive midway 9 called benzyne‚ or dehydrobenzene‚ which contrasts from benzene in having two less hydrogens and
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The halides in unknown solution were identified as iodide and chloride based on their experimental E°(Ag/AgX) values‚ -0.16 ±0.01V and 0.22 ±0.02V respectively. These results were both accurate with percent error of 5.96% for iodine and 0.9% for chloride. The literature value of E°(Ag/AgI) and E°(Ag/AgCl) were -0.151V and 0.222V respectively (1). In addition‚ the literature vales lay within the 95% confidence interval for both halides therefore the results were accurate. These results were precise
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under normal lab conditions. The reactions between alkanes and chlorine or bromine There is no reaction in the dark. In the presence of a flame‚ the reactions are rather like the fluorine one - producing a mixture of carbon and the hydrogen halide. The violence of the reaction drops considerably as you go from fluorine to chlorine to bromine. The interesting reactions happen in the presence of ultra-violet light (sunlight will do). These are photochemical reactions‚ and happen at room temperature
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