"Reactivity of halide ions" Essays and Research Papers

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     Comment: Treat a Grignard reagent as an alkyl nucleophile i.e. CH3MgBr is equivalent to CH3- nucleophile. The Grignard reagent can also react with RX to form a longer chain alkane. Example: CH3CH2MgBr + CH3CH2Br  CH3CH2CH2CH3 + MgBr2 In general‚ basicity parallels nucleophilic strength since both of them depend on the availability of the lone pair of electrons. The Grignard reagent is not only able to function as a nucleophile; it can operate as a base too by reacting with water to

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    Nt1310 Unit 2 Lab Report

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    OCR B (Salters) AS level Chemistry UNIT 2 – F332 Elements from the sea Halogens and Halides (group 7 chemistry) * Halogen is the elemental molecule‚ eg/ Cl₂‚ Br₂ * Halide is in a compound‚ eg/ KBr‚ KCl | Fluorine | Chlorine | Bromine | Iodine | Appearance at room temp | Pale yellow gas | Green gas | Dark red volatile liquid | Shiny black solid – sublimes to purple gas | Halide | Colour precipitate with silver nitrate | KCl | White | KBr | Cream | KI | Pale Yellow |

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    Lab 6: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution(1) Nitration of Methyl Benzoate(2) Synthesis of 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene byFriedel-Crafts Alkylation of 1‚4-DimethoxybenzenePurpose1)To carry out the nitration of methyl benzoate‚ and then identify the major product formed (position at which nitro-group substitution takes place) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)‚ the percent yield and the melting point range. 2)To synthesize 1‚4-Di-t-butyl-2‚5-dimethoxybenzene by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of

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    through the tube window and onto the region to be examined. How is an image formed? X-ray films that are used in dental radiography consist on an emulsion/gelatine mix containing chemicals that are sensitive to x-ray radiation. This is a silver halide - either bromide or chloride. The emulsion/gelatine mix and their suspension is set onto a flexible‚ transparent tinted blue base. Emulsion is used in all types of analogue photography‚ but the type used in x-ray photography is of a different kind

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    carboxylic acids

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    acid + NH3 - red litmus paper turned blue  Benzoic acid + NH3+ FeCl3 - orange precipitate/ flesh-colored precipitate formed  Formation of Esters a. From Carboxylic acids  Acetic acid + ethanol + H2SO4 - produced a sweet smell b. From Acyl Halides  Ethanol + H2O + H2SO4 - produced a sweet smell  Hydroxamic acid test for the Ester group  Ethyl acetate in ether + NH2OH.HCl + KOH heat effervescence + alcoholic HCl + FeCl3 – red colored solution  Hydrolysis of acid derivatives

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    then observe the reactions. 5. If no reaction can be observed‚ warm the test tube in 50。C water bath for 5 minutes. * Do not inhale the fumes occurring with oxalic acid‚ they are toxic to respiratory system. 9.4 Preparation of Ester from Halides 1. Place 0.5 ml of 1-butanol into a dry test tube‚ and add 0.5 ml of benzol chloride. 2. Warm for 2-3

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    Hydronium ions H3O+ which can turn the litmus paper into red‚ in the contrary if the substance was a base it will produces hydroxide ions in the solution and they will change the color of the litmus paper into blue). Also we can identify the element by observing some gas producing and bubbles like most substances that contains carbonate ions like Sodium bicarbonate it will effervesces when reacts with an acid.

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    HYDROCARBONS 365 UNIT 13 HYDROCARBONS Hydrocarbons are the important sources of energy. After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • • name hydrocarbons according to IUPAC system of nomenclature; recognise and write structures of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and

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    Chemistry and Biotechnology

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    Elemental Analysis 1Professor‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student‚ CHM146L-B31‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology [pic] ABSTRACT Elemental analysis of organic compounds determine the elements present in them but they do not give the actual structure or the functional groups present. Since all organic compounds contain hydrogen and carbon‚ most tests consist of only the

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    SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST 2012 UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES LAHORE‚ PAKISTAN STRUCTURE OF ENTRANCE TEST PAPER 2012 Sr.# Subject No. of Questions 1. PHYSICS 44 2. CHEMISTRY 58 3. ENGLISH 30 4. BIOLOGY 88 TOTAL 220 CONTENTS PHYSICS Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions CHEMISTRY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions ENGLISH Syllabus Self Test Questions BIOLOGY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions PAGE# 1-5 6 7-9 10-21 22 23-28 29-34 35-36 37-44 45 46-51 PHYSICS

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