Classification Tests for Hydrocarbons Authors: Goldie Ann Tejada‚ Allain Joseph S. Templo‚ Kristinlyn Trajano‚ Kevin Viray‚ Quennie Yu Group 10‚ 2F-PH‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT The test compounds undergo different physical and chemical tests to differentiate their intrinsic physical properties and chemical properties. Physical state‚ color‚ and odor were noted through simple observation. Miscibility of the test compounds were noted through color change or a warming
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a molecule. Nitration can basically be carried out by a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid; this mixture is useful to obtain the active nitronium ion. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a method used when a functional group is needed to be substituted on to an aromatic compound. In the nitration‚ nitronium ion acts as the electrophile that involves the attack of the electron-rich benzene ring. Aromatic substitution is electrophilic‚ due to the high density in benzene ring
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special properties. Reduction means removal of oxygen or gain of electrons. Carbon is a good chemical reducing agent because it readily combines with oxygen‚ but it is only useful for the metals below it in the Reactivity Series. In the process of electrolysis‚ the positive metal ions in the compound gain electrons to become atoms of the elements. METAL METHOD OF EXTRACTION Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium K Na Li Ca Mg Al These metals are too reactive for
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Analysis of Alcohols‚ Aldehydes and Ketones Karl Wayne Mancao‚ Raphaell Mordeno‚ Andres Pastrana III*‚ and Shannen Peñaverde Department of Biology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract The proponents have done several tests for identifying alcohols‚ aldehydes and ketones. These tests are Dichromate test‚ Tollens test‚ Lucas test‚ DNPH test and Iodoform test. Three samples got positive result in dichromate test and one in Tollens test. Lucas test got one sample that has
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EXPERIMENT-1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AIM: To perform and observe the following reactions and classify them into: (i) Combination reaction (action of water on quick lime) (ii) Decomposition reaction (action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals) (iii) Displacement reaction (iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution) (vi)Double decomposition reaction (reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride) APPARATUS REQUIRED: 1. A rack of at least six clean test tubes and a boiling
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of these compounds is most likely to be covalent? A. Rb2S B. SrCl2 C. CS2 D. CaO E. MgI2 4. Which of these compounds is most likely to be covalent? A. CsOH B. NF3 C. Sr(NO3)2 D. CaO E. LiF 5. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is A. B. C. D. E. 6. Which of these ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? A. NaCl B. NaF C. CaBr2 D. CsI E. CaCl2 7. Which of these solids would have the highest melting point? A. NaF B. NaCl C. NaBr D. NaI
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SYLLABUS CHEMISTRY (043) CLASS-XII – (2012-13) Annexure - ‘ I ’ S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Type of Question Long Answers (LA) Short Answers-II (SA II) Short Answers-I (SA-I) Very Short Answer (VSA) Total Marks for No. of Total Marks each Question Questions 5 3 2 1 3 9 10 08 30 15 27 20 08 70 Weightage 4 5 5 5 4 3 8 5 3 4 4 6 4 4 3 3 70 Total: S.No. UNIT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Solid State Solutions Electrochemistry Chemical Kinetics Surface Chemistry General Principles
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Amylase And Its Functionality At Various Ph Level Abstract Enzymes can be denatured at various ph levels in which then affects the shape of the enzymes structure and reactivity. The altering of shape causes substrates to not bind in the active site (Scott Freeman‚ Micheal Harrington‚ Joan. C Sharp‚ 2009). Amylase is used as a catalytic enzyme to determine the time period to convert starch into glucose monomers and transport into the bloodstream at different ph levels
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threo)‚ and the type geometric isomer (cis/trans) used as the alkene reactant? Electrophilic Addition Reactions What is the intermediate in the reaction? What is Markovnikov’s Rule? What are the different types of addition reactions? Hydrogen Halide Addition Reaction What are the electrophile‚ nucleophile‚ and mechanism for this reaction? Why is the reaction regioselective? Is the reaction stereoselective? Is the reaction stereospecific? Acid – Catalyzed Addition of Water What are the
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on fruits and vegetables also show a relationship between phenolic content and antioxidant activities (Omken et al.‚ 2009). The antioxidant potential of polyphenols arises due to their high reactivity as hydrogen or electron donors‚ which can stabilize and delocalize the unpaired electron and chelate metal ions (Rice-Evans et al.‚ 1997). In agreement with the above report‚ the ethyl acetate fraction (ABE) exhibited the highest phenolic content when compared with lyophilized aqueous extract‚ petroleum
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