The reagent‚ a mixture of (mainly) copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide‚ is called Benedict’s reagent. It can be purchased from many drug stores because it was once the standard test for sugar in the urine of diabetics. Some of the solution to be tested (this could be the juice or extract of the fruit or vegetable in question) is mixed with Benedict’s test reagent (by volume‚ usually about 4 solution to 1 reagent) and heated almost to boiling. A color change from the blue of the reagent to almost
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A reducing sugar is any sugar that either has an aldehyde group or is capable of forming one in solution through isomerism. The aldehyde functional group allows the sugar to act as a reducing agent‚ for example in the Tollens’ test or Benedict’s reagent‚ or the Maillard reaction‚ important in the browning of many foods. A sugar is classified as a reducing sugar only if it has an open-chain form with an aldehyde group or a free hemiacetal group. A reducing sugar is thus one that reduces certain chemicals
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groups are generally less relative than Carbonyls that are directly bonded to alkyl substituents. In this experiment‚ we will perform each reaction on the known compounds that correspond to each chemical test first‚ to determine whether the reagents are working and to help you interpret a positive or a negative test. It is important that after the tests‚ the unknown sample will not be able to be unequivocally determined. Results: During this experiment‚ there were three different
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Synthesis of Banana Flavor via Fischer Esterification Patricia Faye R. Agnila‚ Joan Karla M. Alvaran*‚ Micaela Isabel N. Arellano‚ and Denzel Nicho T. Armendares Department of Biological Science‚ College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract This experiment is conducted to exhibit the synthesis of banana
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Experiment #10 & #11 The Synthesis of Cobalt Oxalate Hydrate The Synthesis of a Nitrite Complex February 5‚ 2012 Chemistry 1211L - 146 - Spring 2012 Procedure The Synthesis of Cobalt Oxalate Hydrate Place 100 ml of distilled water in a 250-ml (or 400-ml) beaker. Add 1.26g of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4.2H2O) and 1 ml of concentrated ammonia. Stir the mixture until the solid has dissolved completely. Dissolve 2.34 g of cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2.6H2O) in 100 ml of water
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Experiment no. 1: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING INTRODUCTION Phytochemicals are define as the chemical compounds found or produced by the plants. The term is also define as the chemicals from the plant that may affect health [1]. This compounds are non-essential compounds which means that they are not required by the human body for sustaining life. There are more than thousand known phytochemicals. Some of the well-known phytochemicals are lycopene in tomatoes‚ isoflavones in soy and flavanoids in
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Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Aim The aim of this experiment was to prepared Grignard reagent (phenylmagnesium bromide) from bromobenzene and magnesium‚ to use the reagent prepared to synthesise a tertiary alcohol (triphenylmethanol) by reacting reagent and ester (methyl benzoate)‚ and the product formed is analyse by infrared spectroscopy (IR)‚ melting point‚ thin layer chromatography (TLC)‚ gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) and finally Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Introduction
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reactions‚ and several reagents that catalyze the reaction according to the functional group it works on. For primary alcohols‚ several reagents can be used: • The Jones reagent (CrO3/H+‚ Cr2O72-/H+‚ H2CrO4)‚ • Potassium permanganate (KMnO4/-OH or H+)‚ • Collins reagent (CrO2/Pyridine “PCC” (no water present) Secondary alcohols use the same reagents as primary alcohols. Tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation. For the aldehydes‚ the Tollins reagent (Ag(NH3)2 is used in
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experiment was to synthesize the Grignard reagent‚ phenyl magnesium bromide‚ and then use the manufactured Grignard reagent to synthesize the alcohol‚ triphenylmethanol‚ by reacting with benzophenone and protonation by H3O+. The triphenylmethanol was purified by recrystallization. The melting point‚ Infrared Spectroscopy‚ 13C NMR‚ and 1H NMR were used to characterize and confirm the recrystallized substance was triphenylmethanol. Introduction A Grignard reagent is a type of organometallic‚ which consists
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test‚ and interpret reactions in the oxidase test. Purpose is to determine if the bacterium has cytochrome c oxidase in its electron transport chain. Materials: 1 paper towel‚ loops‚ oxidase reagent dropper‚ E.coli‚ Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Procedure: Take each organism on a loop and add the oxidase reagent to each loop. The area with
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