ester is prepared‚ and involves heating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst‚ which is used to expedite the reaction. In this experiment the process was used to synthesis isopentyl alcohol‚ which was the limiting reagent‚ with sulfuric acid and excess of acetic acid. Had equal amounts of acetic acid and isopenthyl alcohol been used‚ approximately only two thirds of each would be converted to acetate. This mixture was heated under reflux for one hour to ensure that
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Unknown Lab Report Microbiology Unknown A Sonia Kabra November 26‚ 2014 Introduction There are numerous reasons for identifying unknown bacteria. Some of these organisms have distinct qualities that set them apart from one another‚ such as the exposure to certain environments. Through out the semester in the laboratory‚ we are able to encounter some of the few microorganisms that we as humans have come into contact with. With the knowledge gained from the sessions in the laboratory‚ we can now
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concentration in your sample is an important step in any laboratory workflow that involves protein extraction and/or analysis (1). Based on the assay being used‚ different chemicals can alter the accuracy for the results. For example‚ in BCA‚ the reducing reagents makes it reactive. Cu2+ is reduced to Cu1+ by protein in alkaline solution and the purple color change is the result of two molecules of BCA chelating to cuprous ion (2). This makes the reducing agents create a cuprous ion to chelate with the BCA
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for reducing alkenes and alkynes. When you perform catalytic hydrogenation on alkenes the reaction is called an addition reaction. Addition reactions are when a reagent is added to the two carbons making up a pi-bond. In catalytic hydrogenation‚ the reagent is dihydrogen and it adds to the two carbons of the pi-bond on one side. When a reagent adds to only one side of a pi-bond it is called syn-addition. This is a stereoselective reaction because only one stereoisomer is produced out of several
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Synthesis of Banana Flavor CHEMISTRY 200L EXPT 02 PAGE 01 - 11 Gerome B. Vallejos*‚ Ellis Mika C. Trino‚ Jahn Camille B. Valdez‚ Ariza Yamashita Department of Biological Sciences‚ College of Science Group 11 Corresponding author: gerome_911@yahoo.com Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize isopentyl acetate via Fischer esterification reaction between acetic anhydride and isoamyl alcohol‚ using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction is characterized by the combining
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in order to cut my chances of finding my unknown in half. The Indole production test was recorded as negative. It is observed as negative because after adding the Kovac’s reagent there was no color change. Kovac’s reagent added to the tube reacts with DMABA and with any Indole present and produces a compound that turns the reagent layer pink. No color change for an Indole Production means tryptophan is not broken down into Indole and Pyruvate. After finding out I was negative for Indole‚ looking at
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presence of monosaccharides by using the Benedict’s test Test for the presence of starch‚ a polysaccharide‚ by using the Lugol’s iodine test Test for the presence of lipids by using the Sudan test Test for the presence of proteins by using the Biuret reagent test Determine the identity of an unknown substance by detecting the presence of organic macromolecules using the above tests Introduction Biological macromolecules are defined as large molecules made up of smaller organic molecules. There are
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viscosity other than short setting time. This rapid formation of geopolymer framework will contribute to the early strength development; however workability performance will be significantly reduced. Therefore‚ with the addition of these chemical reagents to the geopolymer binder‚ it will help in identifying the suitable admixtures and also its dosage in order to increase the compressive strength and setting time
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VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS 1. In volumetric analysis‚ the volume of a reagent needed to react with analyte is measured. 2. In a titration‚ increments of the reagent solution -the titrant-are added to the analyte until their reaction is complete. 3. The most common titrations are based on: - acid-base - oxidation-reduction - complex formation and - precipitation reactions 1. Methods of determining when the analyte has been consumed include: - detecting a sudden change in
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INTRODUCTION There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from the knowing the causative agent of a disease to knowing the correct microorganism in order to make antibiotics. This study was done by applying the following methods; OF Glucose‚ Indole Production‚ and Malonate Utilization test for the identification of an unknown bacterium. The methods will assist in determining the unknown bacterium found in a 55 year old male that was passing blood and mucous
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