Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks National Banks and The Dual Banking System SEPTEMBER 2003 National Banks and The Dual Banking System S E P T E M B E R 2 0 0 3 T oday‚ the dual banking system‚ which has been a hallmark of banking in the United States for nearly 200 years‚ is under attack‚ as many states have attempted to assert legislative and enforcement authority over national banks in a way that contradicts constitutional principles that have
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Analyze how federal‚ state‚ and local courts calendar and docket cases. Are these processes effective in promoting efficiency? • Court dockets contain all materials filed by the court or by any party in a court proceeding. In general‚ courts assign each newly filed action with a docket number‚ which often refers to the year in which the case was commenced followed by a sequential reference number. Additionally‚ letters or numbers indicating the type (civil‚ criminal‚ family court‚ etc.) or location
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How a society punishes their criminals can say a lot about the way the citizens live their lives. Here in the United States we would rather take better care of someone in prison for life than a person on the street who has never committed a crime in their life. The philosophy and practices has changed drastically in the last 30 years. Rehabilitation was the main focus for the beginning of the 20th century. This gave way to a new found focus on justice‚ and fairness in the 1970s. Crime control was
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Federalism and the federal system were formed in order to be the foundation of American government. “Federalism is a political system in which ultimate authority is shared between a central government and state or regional governments”. In recent times federalism has become more competing. Obviously‚ federalism in the US involves the relationship between the federal government and those of the states. As recalled from history lessons‚ the US was formed when the thirteen original states notified the
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The court system in the middle ages worked by using the term “guilty until proven innocent” and using trials of ordeal to determine innocence.The courts weren’t based on the idea of an accused being innocent until proven guilty as there was no concept to believe the accused was innocent. It was the job of the accused to prove their innocence. The accused could do this by taking an oath to prove their innocence. The accused would also be required bring oath helpers‚ these helpers would normally know
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the Florida Supreme Court demanded a recount of the votes. This possibly violated the Constitution’s claim of equal protection and due process guarantees. The Supreme Court ruled against a recount‚ and gave instructions to undergo a recount that were impossible to carry out with the time given‚ thus essentially ending the election‚ and winning Bush the presidency. 2. The Constitution stated that there would be the Supreme Court‚ and Congress would create lower level courts as needed. With the creation
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Dred Scott vs. Sanford 1. By the mid-1850s‚ sectional conflict over the extension of slavery into the Western territories threatened to tear the nation apart.With Congress sharply divided‚ reflecting the divisions in the nation‚ the Supreme Court took the unusual step of hearing the case of a fugitive slave suing for his freedom. Intended to be the definitive ruling that would settle the controversy threatening the Union for good‚ the case instead produced a divisive decision that pushed the nation
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to criticize our legal system for being too onerous. In our legal system‚ there is a three tiered court system in place of both State and Federal court system. Moreover‚ there is the intermediate court‚ also known as trial court‚ and there are the appellate or “higher” court. The higher courts are responsible for reviewing the verdicts that were previously made in the trial courts. However‚ when dealing with a trial court‚ the purpose is to handle civil matters. In this court‚ both sides represent
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A Virtual Court System… Justice on the Web Learning Team A Web-based case management is a direct result of today’s advanced technology. A large number of the court system’s lawyers‚ judges‚ legal administrators‚ and administrative support personnel are using cutting-edge word processors‚ electronic legal research‚ time and billing programs‚ and increasingly‚ varying forms of case management software. Web-based case management is the idea of the future. According to
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Juvenile and Adult Courts The juvenile justice system shares many of the same components of the adult justice system. Historically both adults and juveniles were tried in the same courts and if convicted they both served out their sentences in the very same facilities. Over time‚ the system changed for youths however; there remain as many similarities as there are differences between
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