Returns to Scale Returns to scale is a concept that tries to explain the behaviour of the output in relation to the change in the total scale of operations of the firm. A change of scale of operations means a change in the total size of the firm‚ i.e. a change in both labour and capital of the firm. For determining the returns to scale‚ we need to calculate the Output Elasticity where: Output Elasticity = % change in Output/% change in all inputs The different types of returns to scales
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To each their own I would recommend this novel to an individual who is interested in a book that involves mystery‚ death and love. I recommend this novel to one of my friends‚ who likes a book with lots of depth‚ complicity and secrecy at the same time but yet it all comes together eventually. This specific individual is interested in novel’s that keeps her guessing and constantly on her toes. Another good reason why I would recommend this novel to this specific person is because her favourite
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acknowledged. This project was partly funded by a European Community MED-CAMPUS program research grant. (Multinational Finance Journal‚ 2001‚ vol. 5‚ no.2‚ pp. 87–112) ©Multinational Finance Society‚ a nonprofit corporation. All rights reserved. 1 Shareholder Wealth Effects of Dividend Policy Changes in an Emerging Stock Market: The Case of Cyprus* Nickolaos Travlos ALBA‚ Greece‚ and Cardiff Business School‚ U.K. Lenos Trigeorgis University of Cyprus‚ Cyprus‚ and University of Chicago‚ U.S.A
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Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models Portfolio Theory Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Efficient frontier Capital Market Line (CML) Security Market Line (SML) Beta calculation Arbitrage pricing theory Fama-French 3-factor model Portfolio Theory • Suppose Asset A has an expected return of 10 percent and a standard deviation of 20 percent. Asset B has an expected return of 16 percent and a standard deviation of 40 percent. If the correlation between A and B is 0.6
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Heijmans en Shareholder Value Waardecreatie middels Value Drivers Driss Ousji Michael Jansen 9 december 2009 Inhoudsopgave 1. Inleiding 1.1 Wat is Shareholder Value? 1.2 Inleiding Heijmans 2. Theoretisch kader Rappaport model 2.1 Shareholder Value Network 2.2 Value Drivers 2.3 Model Rappaport 2.4 Bruikbaarheid Rappaport voor het Shareholder Value concept 3. Value Drivers Heijmans 4. Advies aan Heijmans Bijlagen: Bijlage 1. Dupont-Chart
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an investor. b. the expected return on a risky asset. c. the expected return on a collection of risky assets. d. the variance of returns for a risky asset. e. the standard deviation of returns for a collection of risky assets. PORTFOLIO WEIGHTS 2. The percentage of a portfolio’s total value invested in a particular asset is called that asset’s: a. portfolio return. b. portfolio weight. c. portfolio risk. d. rate of return. e. investment value.
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CAPITAL BUDGETING AT RELIANCE CAPITAL Specialization: Finance Under the Guidance of: Submitted By: Mr. Debashish Chaudary Prarthana Bajaj Mrs. Archana Singh Nupur Singhal Utsav Goel Taruna Bhadana Arjun
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Return On investment CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 The ROI Concept 6 Simple ROI for Cash Flow and Investment Analysis 7 Competing Investments: ROI From Cash Flow Streams 7 ROI vs. NPV‚ IRR‚ and Payback Period 10 Other ROI Metrics 11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 6 Table 2 7 Table 3 8 Table 4 8 Table 5 8 Table 6 ………………………………....................... 9 Table 7 ………………………………...................... 10 Return on Investment: What is ROI analysis? Return on Investment (ROI) analysis
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ALCAR approach: the Alcar Group Inc. a management education and software company‚ developed an approach to VBM which is based on discounted cash flow analysis Determinants of shareholder value: according to Alfred Rappaport author of creating share holder value; a guide to managers and investors‚ who is regarded as father of share holder value‚ the following seven factors called “value drivers” affect shareholder value 1. Rate of sales growth 2. Operating profit margin 3. Income tax rate 4. Investment
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market risk and expected return. (1) RISK AND RETURN OF A SINGLE ASSET: Capital gains/ loss yield Current Yield Rate of Return=[Annual income/Beginning price]+[{Ending price-Beginning price}/ Beginning price] OR Total return = Dividend + Capital gain= Rate of return Dividend yield Capital gain yield R1 DIV1 P1 P DIV1 P P 0 0 1 P P P 0 0 0 (2) PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND EXPECTED RATE OF RETURN: E(R)=∑(i=1 to n)=p(i) *R(i)‚ where‚ E(R)=expected return‚ n=number of possible
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