Decision making is a cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice called a decision. It can be an action or an opinion. It begins when we need to do something but we do not know what. Therefore‚ decision-making is a reasoning process which can be rational or irrational‚ and can be based on explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions. (McGlone‚ 2000) There are several steps in the decision-making process:
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of democracy derives from the Greek words “demos” and “kratein” which translates to the “rule of the people.” It is an important concept that believes everyone should have an equal say in a particular decision. In management it translates to a democratic style of leadership where the manager still holds final responsibility for decisions but also delegates authority to the team by encouraging them to contribute‚ give suggestions and challenge the ideas of the manager (Pride‚ Hughes‚ et al‚ 2009)
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MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION MAKING When we speak of rational behavior‚ we should remember that our focus in this discussion is not on making decisions‚ but rather on how to support the process of making decisions. Managers are change agents‚ not just decision makers‚ so the steps before and after a decision are as important as the actual choice of action. Preparatory steps include creating tension for change‚ understanding the positions of the various constituencies‚ and developing political
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‘Given the potential problems associated with group decision making‚ organisations should rely on individual decision making whenever possible’. How far do you agree/disagree with this statement? From the days when working conditions were under the strict rules of Taylorism‚ workers these days are required to be equipped with various soft skills and not to forget‚ the important value of teamwork. Organisations present-day depend heavily on teamwork. Questions such as “what strengths can you bring
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Ethical Decision Making Guadalupe Ornelas University of Phoenix PSYCH545 April 30‚ 2012 Christi Moore‚ Ph.D. Ethical Decision Making In a modern environment where cost cutting procedures drive modern procedures to cutting-edge levels of competition ethical decision making is more than ever relevant in the field of psychology. Complex ethical dilemmas are likely to appear camouflaged with our own personal emotions. Today’s fast paced and competitive
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ordered. What should the nurse do? A man was diagnosed and treated for a venereal infection by his family nurse practitioner. He agreed that his wife should also be treated but he did not want her to know that he acquired the disease from a prostitute and infected her. He asked the nurse practitioner if there was any way to avoid sharing this information. When faced with situations like these‚ it sometimes feels like there are no “right” answers. What are your reactions to the three ethical dilemmas
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Submitted by: dsjfhsuhdf May 8‚ 2012 I Introduction to Decision Making Decision making can be regarded as the mental processes (cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. Moreover‚ most complex managerial decisions are made with some uncertainty. Managers authorized substantial capital investments with less than complete
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An essential part of marketing is the buyer decision making process. This is arguably an ideal part for marketers as they r able to view how consumers make buying decisions‚ after looking at the influences that affect buyers. The buyer decision making process involves five stages in which buyers make decisions in purchasing a product. These five stages include problem recognition‚ information search‚ evaluation of alternatives‚ purchase decision‚ post purchase behavior (Kotler‚ Brown‚ Burton‚ Deans
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Tupperware: Confronting Changing Demand Condition As refrigerators replaced iceboxes as the primary method of cold-food storage in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s‚ consumers encountered a new problem—refrigeration caused food to wilt and lose its flavor. Although paper packaging and wrapping could help deal with this problem‚ paper could leak or tear. In the 1940s‚ a Massachusetts inventor named Earl Tupper began making lightweight‚ unbreakable plastic bowls with airtight lids
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in Decision Making Directive Style: A person has this style if they have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are efficient‚ rational‚ and logical in their way of thinking. They focus on the short term and are quick to make decisions‚ usually resulting in a decision that has been made with minimal information and not carefully analyzing other alternatives. Example: When a manager spots the dirt on the window‚ and orders the cleaner to clean the window now‚ that is a directive style decision-making
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