1. Physical Layer. Is the physical connection between the sender and the receiver. It includes all the hardware devices (computers‚ modems‚ and hubs) and physical media (cables and satellites). This layer specifies the type of connection and the electrical signals‚ radio waves‚ or light pulses that pass through it. 2. Data Link Layer. Is responsible for moving a message from one computer to the next computer in the network path from the sender to the receiver. This layer has 3 functions: a
Free OSI model Internet Protocol Suite Data Link Layer
The dividend growth model approach limited application in practice because of its two assumptions. It assumes that the dividend per share will grow at a constant rate‚ g‚ forever The expected dividend growth rate‚ g‚ should be less than the cost of equity‚ Ke‚ to arrive at the simple growth formula. The growth formula is‚ Ke = (DIV1 / Po) + g These assumptions imply that the dividend growth approach cannot be applied to those companies‚ which are not paying any dividends‚ or whose dividend
Premium Stock Stock market
to build their employment as more than working with people Slade mentioned two types of recovery which are the personal recovery and the clinical recovery. Even though both aims at recovery‚ the distinction between the two are that the personal recovery aims at what the personal understanding of what recovery is which is hope‚ identity‚ meaning and personal responsibilities as against the clinical recovery which aims at the “invariant importance of symptomology‚ social functioning‚ relapse prevention
Premium Psychology Motivation Management
1.1: Discuss models of strategic change. John P Kotter’s Model: Kotter’s refer leading model for considerate and managing transformation. Each step reflects people’s reaction and methodology to change. Kotter’s eight step model can be define as‚ 1. Generate Sense of urgency: Sense of urgency build importance of work and motivates people do work in a real way. Target is achievable before timeline and impact on production and profit. 2. Build the guiding team: Place competent people in their position
Premium Strategic management Strategic management Organization
Although functional recovery may be a long and arduous process‚ most burn survivors can expect to resume their roles‚ function at a level that is comparatively close to their preinjury level of independence‚ and continue engagement in occupation for satisfactory participation
Premium Burn
available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1463-7154.htm BPMJ 18‚2 Maturity models in business process management ¨ Maximilian Roglinger 328 FIM Research Center Finance and Information Management‚ University of Augsburg‚ Augsburg‚ Germany‚ and ¨ ¨ Jens Poppelbuß and Jorg Becker ¨ European Research Center for Information Systems‚ University of Munster‚ ¨ Munster‚ Germany Abstract Purpose – Maturity models are a prospering approach to improving a company’s processes and business
Premium Process management Capability Maturity Model Business process reengineering
Business Model The article “Reinventing Your Business Model” talks about the importance of adapting effective business model in shaping the success of the business. He talks about the success and failure stories of different businesses where the thin line between the success and failure of firm had been effective business model which fits with the business. Firms like Apple‚ Wal-Mart are able to generate large profits and even reshape the definition of business just by innovating new business model. Even
Premium Marketing Business Microeconomics
(架構圖、分析步驟、考慮變數(因素)、資料與調查) 2. (30%) Trip Generation Model 下列為針對淡水區進行的旅次產生調查，共分為 6 個交通分區(traffic zone)： Zone Trip production Car ownership 1 650 250 2 450 190 3 950 715 4 850 625 5 750 290 6 290 135 (1) 試建立一線性迴歸函數(linear regression model)，進行參數校估，列出校估後之函 數，並計算模式之 R2、透過 t 檢定(t-test)檢驗顯著性。 (2) 試建立一對數線性迴歸函數(log-linear regression model) (即乘冪迴歸模式) 進行參 ， 2 數校估，列出校估後之函數，並計算模式之 R 、透過 t 檢定(t-test)檢驗顯著性。 (3) 比較上述兩個模式之差異，討論孰優孰劣。 共 2 頁 第 1 頁 3. (30%) Mode Choice Model 考慮旅運者對三種運具的(負)效用函數： COSTk U k ak 0.3OVTk
Premium Regression analysis Econometrics Mode choice
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) was developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie-Mellon University to describe a framework of five stages of evolution or levels of capability or process maturity. The CMM describes an evolutionary improvement path from an ad-hoc‚ immature process to a mature‚ disciplined process. This model applies to new product development as well as software development. While the CMM provides a model for process maturity‚ the Product Development Best Practices
Premium Capability Maturity Model Project management Software development process
advancesindifferenceequations.com/content/2013/1/57 RESEARCH Open Access Global dynamics in a class of discrete-time epidemic models with disease courses Lei Wang‚ Qianqian Cui and Zhidong Teng* * Correspondence: zhidong@xju.edu.cn College of Mathematics and System Sciences‚ Xinjiang University‚ Urumqi‚ Xinjiang 830046‚ P.R. China Abstract In this paper‚ a class of discrete SIRS epidemic models with disease courses is studied. The basic reproduction number R0 is computed. The main results on the permanence
Premium Epidemiology