FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage
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the hard parts like bones and teeth. These hard parts lose their original mineral composition or structure. Their remaining parts either get recrystallized or replaced by other minerals such as silica and iron pyrites. This is called a fossil. Recrystallization means exchange of one chemical by another within the skeleton which results in a coarser‚ perhaps heavier structure. Many fossils consist of original hard parts of the animal as well as minerals taken from the surrounding rocks. This process
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[19593 Organic Chemistry of the Tramition Elements. Part r. View Online 551 Downloaded by University of Washington on 01 February 2011 Published on 01 January 1959 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/JR9590000551 113. The Organic Chemistry of the Transition Elements. Part I. Tricarbonylchromium Derivatives of Aromatic Compounds. By B. NICHOLLS M. C. WHITING. and Many aromatic compounds‚ ArH‚ displace carbon monoxide from chromium hexacarbonyl with the formation of complexes Cr(CO)
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PHYSICAL SCIENCE I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND A. Babylonians They recorded eclipses and they were able to predict future eclipses. They named the twelve divisions of the Zodiacs‚ divided the northern sky into constellation and gave their present names. Their priest recorded planetary motions especially those of Venus‚ geometry and mathematics were highly developed by these people. There were evidences of multiplication tables and tables of square and cubes. They created standards for measuring length
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------------------------------------------------- Alloy Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron‚ with carbon content between 0.02% and 2.14% by mass. An alloy is a metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure‚ while partial solutions give two or more phases that may or may not be homogeneous in distribution‚ depending on thermal (heat treatment) history. Alloys usually have different properties from those
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Department of Civil Engineering CIVL 2002 Engineering Geology & Rock Mechanics (2013-2014‚ Semester 1) Laboratory Session 2 BRAZILE TEST XING BODONG 3035022904 Subclass Group C November 10‚ 2013 The University of Hong Kong Abstract The Brazil test is intended to measure the uniaxial tensile strength of prepared rock specimens indirectly. It is an indirect tensile testing of rock. The Brazil test provides an alternative to direct tensile testing‚ producing
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a Rock - Mass of crystalline grains of the mineral ice - Like sedimentary: formed from material in deposited layers‚ can accumulate a great Thickness - Igneous: formed by the freezing of a fluid - Metamorphic: transformed by recrystallization under pressure - Flows readily downhill like a viscous fluid because of structural weakness - Glaciers: large masses of ice on land that show evidence of being in motion or of once Having moved under the force of gravity - Valley/Alpine
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DISCOVERY OF EARTH’S HISTORY: “FOSSILS” I.OBJECTIVES 1. WHAT IS FOSSILS? 2. HOW THEY WERE FORMED? 3. FOSSILIZATION PROCESSESS 4. FOSSILS RECORD 5. TYPES 6. PSEUDOFOSSILS 7. HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF FOSSILS 8. TRADING AND COLLECTING 9. IMAGE GALLERY II.DISCUSSION FOSSILIZATION PROCESSESS Permineralization Permineralization is a process of fossilization that occurs when an organism is buried. The empty spaces within an organism
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In the Name of God Biotechnology MSc. Seminar: Current issues in production of Shikimic Acid‚ intermediate for the production of Oseltamivir‚ the Avian Flu drug Supervised by: Dr. Reza Yegani Dr. Mohammad Hossein Sarrafzadeh Mr. Habibollah Ramezanzade by: Kaveh Yazdifard Presented on: 1385/10/3 Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Shikimic Acid & its Natural Properties Derivatives of Shikimic Acid Avian Flu Sickness‚ Medications Oseltamivir and Shikimic Acid’s Role
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P. L. & Young‚ L. (1983). Heat treatment of organics for increasing anaerobic biodegradability. Report No. SERI/ STR-231-1769‚ Solar Energy Research Institute‚ Golden‚ Colorado. Bertran‚ M. S. & Dale‚ B. E. (1985). Enzymatic hydrolysis and recrystallization behavior of initially amorphous cellulose. Biotechnol. Bioeng.‚ 27‚ 177-81. Chang‚ M. M.‚ Chou‚ T. Y. & Tsao‚ G. T. (1981). Structure‚ pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulose. Adv. Biochem. Eng.‚ 20‚ 15-42. Converse‚ A. O.‚ Kwarteng‚ I. K.‚
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