Zone 1: weld metal zone The weld metal zone is where the parent metal and filler metal are heated together to the melting point and then cooled. There are two main microstructural features that can be observed in this zone: they are the Widmanstatten patterns and columnar grains. These patterns are observed to have random directions. The Widmanstatten patterns appear due to large austentite (gamma-Fe) grains being cooled rapidly‚ as steel is a good conductor of heat. The rapid cooling also resulted
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Negotiation Skills Introduction Everybody negotiate in his or hers personal and professional lives and it is an important part of the competitive modern life. Negotiations can occur over dealing with people‚ business contracts‚ official matters‚ service‚ buying products and relationships. As James Poon (1998‚ p. 41) expressed that negotiation is a basic human activity. The world is like a giant negotiating table that person can negotiate many different things in different situation. Definitions
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Introduction Gender often appears to have economically material implications in negotiations in organizations and markets. But researchers’ attempts to tie the phenomenon down in the lab have produced a tangled web of largely contradictory results. By the mid-1980s‚ the leading experimental researchers in negotiation had tossed the gender variable into a heap of discarded individual difference predictors—ranging from race to authoritarianism—which had failed over scores of tests to produce consistent
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guidelines that you should follow during the negotiation Negotiation involves a two-way communication and the outcome is influenced by the mindset‚ abilities‚ and techniques used by the parties of the negotiation. One guideline to the outcome of any negotiation is dependent upon getting the timing right. To achieve this try to organize and plan the circumstances for the negotiation beforehand. This also involves considering the possible outcomes of the negotiation to better understanding the variables
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Andrea von Wunster Fordham University Dean Einersen 5/10/11 ESSAY # 1 As a manager‚ one must consider the cultural component of each negotiation process. Negotiations that take place internationally incur an even more dramatic set of cultural factors that contribute toward each party’s perception of the negotiation. “International business deals not only cross borders‚ but they also cross cultures. Culture profoundly influences how people think‚ communicate‚ and behave. It also affects the
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Introduction Before taking this course‚ I simply considered negotiation as a course of action to claim value‚ which largely relied on making compromises to get something in return. Given this narrow perception‚ my fundamental approach to negotiation was to begin with an opening offer far away from my resistance point and ensure that there is enough room to make concessions. During the negotiation I would gradually make concessions and expect the
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NEGOTIATION Let us move from the era of confrontation to the era of negotiation. - Richard M. Nixon ABSTRACT: Negotiation is one of the most common approaches used to make decisions and manage disputes. It is also the major building block for many other alternative dispute resolution procedures. Similarly Business Negotiations is intended to be an intellectually challenging and dynamic
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What is communication during a negotiation? * Not about negotiator preferences * Blend of integrative verse distributive content varies as a function of the issues being discussed * Content of communication is only partly responsible for negotiation outcomes FIVE CETEGORIES OF COMMUNICATION 1. Offers‚ counteroffers‚ and motives * Important communication in negotiation Convey offers and counteroffers * Bargainers preferences exhibit rational behavior by acting in accordance
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Chapter 9 – Relationships in Negotiation * Negotiations occur in a complex social environment. People act within relationships that have a past‚ present and future. * Negotiating within relationships takes place over time. Time becomes an important variable in negotiating relationships. * Negotiation is often not a way to discuss an issue but a way to learn more about the other part and increase interdependence. In a relationship‚ gathering information about the other’s ideas‚ preferences
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18 April 2007. Abstract Negotiation‚ both an art and a science‚ is important in business and in personal life. To negotiate intelligently‚ we need a strategy to help identify when‚ for what‚ and how we should negotiate. We consider a one-to-many negotiation problem such as a house-purchase process in which there is one buyer and many sellers. The alternatives are evaluated using multiple criteria‚ but only one criterion (such as price) is to be settled by negotiation. We use the Best Alternative
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