Osmolarity TITTLE: practical of estimation of osmolarity in tissues by bathing samples in hypertonic and hypotonic solutions. INTRODUCTION: Osmolarity is the osmolar concentration of plasma and is proportional to the number of particles per liter of solutions shown as (mmol/l). It is derived from the measures Na+ and K+‚ urea and glucose concentrations. Since the volume of solution changes with the amount of solute added also it change in temperature and pressure‚ osmolarity we can say it’s difficult
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is placed in a solution of water. If the concentration of the water inside the cell is the same as the concentration of water in the solution‚ then we describe the water solution as being “isotonic” or having the same concentration as the water inside the cell. In this case‚ net movement of water will be zero and the cell will not swell or shrink. In other words‚ the same amount of water will move in the cells as will move out. On the other hand‚ if the cell is placed in a solution of water that has
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In solution hypotonic to the sheep’s red blood cells‚ the red blood cells will lyse‚ as a result of the water entering the cell via osmosis. First‚ a stock solution of NaCl was prepared at concentration 1.0M. Working solutions were made ranging from hypotonic to hypertonic with a negative control at isotonic solution (150mM). The solutions were diluted up to 4 mL into 5 test tubes‚ (0mM‚ 0.13mM‚ 0.15mM‚ 0.17mM‚ 0.3mM 0.5mM) using distilled water to dilute the stock solution. The working solutions
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C hapter 2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE How do we judge whether milk‚ ghee‚ butter‚ salt‚ spices‚ mineral water or juice that we buy from the market are pure? physical process of evaporation. However‚ sodium chloride is itself a substance and cannot be separated by physical process into its chemical constituents. Similarly‚ sugar is a substance because it contains only one kind of pure matter and its composition is the same throughout. Soft drink and soil are not single substances. Whatever the source
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Experiment 10: Solubility Product for Calcium Hydroxide GOAL AND OVERVIEW A saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 will be made by reacting calcium metal with water‚ then filtering off the solids: Ca(s) + H2O → Ca(OH)2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) The concentration of dissolved hydroxide will be determined by acid-base titration with standardized HCl solution. The Ksp for Ca(OH)2 will be calculated from the experimentally determined saturation concentration of hydroxide. Objectives of the data analysis understand
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1. The label CORROSIVE on a chemical container indicates Ans : ( b ) that contact destroys living tissue as well as equipment 2. FLAMMABLE means Ans : ( a ) easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly 3. " Fatal if swallowed " indicates Ans : ( c ) that the substance will cause death if ingested 4. What is the correct way to handle the following situation? Briefly explain. a. Chemical : Acetic asid i. Inhalation exposure Ans : Remove the person from the exposure. Begin rescue
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concentration of a solute is measured in a solution by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed by the solution in a cuvette placed in a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer measures the intensity of light after it is directed through and emerges from a solution. In general‚ the higher the concentration of an analyte‚ the higher the absorbance. Spectrophotometric analysis exploits Beer ’s Law‚ which predicts a linear relationship between the absorbance of the solution and the concentration of the analyte
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make the concentrations at an isotonic level‚ helping us to work out the mass of the potato. I predict that potato in the weaker solutions will gain mass‚ because some water will be absorbed by the potato to make the concentrations isotonic. Similarly‚ I think the potato in the stronger solutions will lose mass as they will have to lose water to dilute the stronger solution. Osmosis: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane. This happens when an area of high concentration
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empty regular sized test tube with a "C". When we added 5mL of acetic acid to tube R‚ the solution turned red and was hot. After we add 30 drops of the red solution into tube C and continued to swirl tube R‚ the solution became clear and there was some grey solids in the tube as well. We poured the solution in tube R‚ leaving the grey solids behind‚ into tube P‚ which has the boiling chip‚ and the solution turned from clear to a light yellow. After "washing" the grey
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12 4.1 The main goal 12 4.2 Objectives 12 5 Preconditions and criteria 14 6 Solutions 15 6.1 Possible solutions 15 6.2 Time investment 15 6.3 Resources‚ advantages and disadvantages 15 7 Assessment of possible solutions 16 7.1 Solution requirements 16 7.2 Testing against preconditions and criteria 17 7.3 Advantages and disadvantages of solutions 18 8 Conclusion and recommendation 20 9 Guidelines on implementation 21 Appendixes
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