THE LAW OF CONTRACT IN GHANA (These notes have mainly been culled from Mrs. Christine Dowuona Hammond’s seminal work on the Law of Contracts.) INTRODUCTION Contracts are made by people every day‚ whether the parties recognise it or not. Each time one spends money on anything – a bus ticket‚ an airline ticket‚ a pair of shoes‚ a meal in a restaurant‚ laundry services‚ books‚ or signs a lease‚ etc. one concludes a valid and legally binding contract. Contracts may be oral or written;
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"all the world"‚ in which case the offeree is regarded as a member of the general public: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball When an offer is made‚ the term of the proposed contract must be communicated to the offeree: Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking However‚ an offer can be made in general terms‚ leaving the precise terms of the contract to be settled later: Master v Cameron The fact that the word ’offer’ is used is not itself conclusive: B Seppelt & Sons Ltd v Commissioner for Main Roads An offer
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CONTRACT AND RELATED OBLIGATION Prof. Hillman I) Theories of Obligation A) CONTRACT: Agreement with Consideration – Bargain Theory of Consideration Definition: A promise that is supported by consideration because the promisor gets something (extracts) from the promissee in exchange for the promise. Ex: I tell Alice I will sell her my piano for 400 dollars and she agrees. I promised my piano in exchange for something (400 dollars) therefore my promise is enforceable. 1) Bargained
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common law‚ a contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that sets an exchange of promises of what each party will or will not do".(Elliott‚2011‚p.13) The contract can be unilateral and bilateral. if the oferee can accept simply by promising to perform‚ the contract is bilateral. Bilateral contract is a "promise for a promise"‚ and in order to be formed‚ is not need for consideration to be made at the time when the promises are exchanged . In a unilateral contract‚one party
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1. Lakshminarayan Ram Gopal and Son Ltd V. The Government of Hyderabad‚ AIR 1954 SC 364 FACTS: An Agency agreement was entered into between the Mills Company and the appellants appointing the appellants it’s Agents for a period of 30 years. The appellants throughout worked only as the Agents of the Mills Company and for the Fasli years 1351 and 1352 they received their remuneration under the terms of the Agency agreement. Notice was sent to the appellants to pay the amount of tax appertaining to
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Why do they call these contracts derivatives? Where is the optionality in these contracts? Weather derivatives structures commonly used are: i) cap - a call option; ii) Floor - a put option; iii) Collar - a put and a call option‚ usually with little or no premium; iv) Swap - a derivative with a profit and loss profile of a futures contract v) Digital option - an option that pays either a predetermined amount if acertain temperature or degree day level is reached‚ or nothing at all in other
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Fixed-Price Contract or Cost-Reimbursement Contract Willie Glover BUS 501 February 20‚ 2011 Dr. Nick Nayak Abstract Fixed-price contracts and cost-reimbursements are two different forms of contracts used by the federal government while determining contract pricing. Contracting officers may use either when contracting however there are several types of fixed-price contracts. Fixed-price type of contracts provide for a firm price or an adjustable price. Fixed-price contracts consist of firm-fixed-price
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grounds of void contract under Nepalese Contract Act by illustrating the cases. Any contract which is not enforceable by law is said to be void. A void contract is one which has no legal effect whatsoever owing to the fact that a transaction which is void. Even if they satisfy some of the conditions of a valid contract‚ they are not enforceable. In the eye of law such contract is no contract at all. There are some contracts which have been declared as void by section 13 of Nepalese Contract Act 2056.
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A Collateral contract A collateral contract is one where the parties to one contract enter into or promise to enter into another contract. Thus‚ the two contracts are connected and it maybe enforced even though it forms no constructive part of the original contract. According to Lord Denning MR in the case of Evans & Sons Ltd v Andrea Merzario Ltd [1976] 1 WLR 1078 a collateral contract is ‘When a person gives a promise‚ or an assurance to another‚ intending that he should act on it by entering
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ont Contract Paper Michael Labbe University of Phoenix Business Law HRM 531 Donna Ross January 28‚ 2013 Contract Paper Contracts regardless if they are written or verbal have the same basic components. The four components are (1) Mutual assent‚ (2) Agreement‚ (3) Exchange‚ and (4) Non-violation of public law. If the key components of a contract are met they will be enforceable in a court of law. In modern society it is more commonplace for contracts to be written so all parties
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