Optical Communication Concept R K Gangwar Divisional Engineer(Transmission) BSNL For circulation to Trainees only Agenda • History • Why Optical Fiber? • Applications of Optical Fiber • Transmission Sequence • Geometry of Fiber • Principle of Propagation of Light • Types of Optical Fiber For circulation to Trainees only History • • • • 1960: Laser invented 1967: New Communications medium: cladded fiber 1960s: Extremely lossy fiber: more than 1000 dB /km 1970‚ Corning Glass
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HBS Essential Questions 2.1 1. What is communication? Communication is by definition the exchange of information between different places. In today’s society‚ people may relay information on the phone or in a conversation. Similarly‚ in the body‚ it is common that information needs to travel in order to make decisions or carry out decisions. For example‚ a person may touch something. The cells that sense contact would communicate the signal for what is being felt across the body to the brain;
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Chapter I INTRODUCTION Marine life is a vast resource‚ providing food‚ medicine‚ and raw materials‚ in addition to helping to support recreation and tourism all over the world. At a fundamental level‚ marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle‚ and are involved in the regulation of the Earth’s climate. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life‚ and some marine organisms even help create new land
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Is the sextant a carthorse in the 21st century? Abstract The purpose of this report is to decide whether the sextant is outdated and effectively useless in the modern age or whether it still has a use in modern navigation. To decide this I explored modern navigation techniques‚ which is mostly done by global positioning systems‚ I researched the way that these work and the methodology behind the use of a sextant. The conclusion that I came to was that modern day sextant use is rare
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1. A single disturbance that moves from point to point through a medium is called a ___. a. period b. periodic wave c. wavelength d. pulse Answer: D A wave is a continuous and repeating disturbance of a medium and a pulse is a single disturbance. 2. If the particles of the medium are vibrating to and fro in the same direction of energy transport‚ then the wave is a ____ wave. a. longitudinal b. sound c. standing d. transverse Answer: A In longitudinal waves‚ particles of the medium
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Heath Nash is a designer that plays with materials until he finds the right inspiration to create the products such as the Flower ball. He believes in the saying “one man’s garbage is another man’s treasure” He tends to take advantage of Product Life Cycle. Since he is a product designer‚ he focuses his design work on how to reduce the global pollution. Even though his works are made of plastic‚ he would turn a product already made and turn it into a completely different work. How Heath Nash uses
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Name Microbiology 2210 Answer Key Practice Test 1 Directions: Choose the most correct response to answer the statement. ___1. Archaea a. belong to the kingdom Protista b. have petidoglycan in their cell walls c. belong to the domain Bacteria
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EXPERIMENT NO-1 AIM- To determine the frequency of A. C. mains by using an electric vibrator. APPARATUS- Electric vibrator‚ table lamp‚ pulley‚ weight box‚ fishing cord‚ a. c. source. THEORY- when a cord of mass per unit length m is connected to the vibrating rod of the vibrator and stretched with a tension T‚ the cord vibrators in segments. If the length of the cord is then adjusted until the nodes are clearly marked‚ the frequency of the stretched string is the same as of the vibrating rod which
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w w e tr .X w ap eP m Location Entry Codes The content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions are unchanged. This change means that for this component there are now two variant Question Papers‚ Mark Schemes and Principal Examiner’s Reports where previously there was only one. For any individual country‚ it is intended that only one variant is used. This document contains both variants which will give all Centres access to even more past examination material
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1.1 INTRODUCTION: The human ear can hear the sound waves between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. This frequency range is known as “Audio Frequency Range”. The sound waves having frequencies above this audible range is known as “Ultrasonic Waves” or “Supersonic Waves”. Supersonic waves have the velocities higher than the velocity of sound i.e. more than 1200 km / hour. Ultrasonic waves can not be heard by a human being but a cat or dog may hear them. The wavelengths of ultrasonic waves are very small as
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