SYSTEMS THEORY Whitchurch‚ G. G.‚ & Constantine‚ L. L. (1993). Systems theory. In P. G. Boss‚ W. J. Doherty‚ R. LaRossa‚ W. R. Schumm‚ & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.)‚ Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 325-352). New York: Plenum Press. Three Distinct But Closely Interrelated Theoretical Legacies Information theory: focuses on the reduction of uncertainty which is achieved by the acquisition of information. Cybernetics: a science of communication concerned
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Katelyn O’Connor Week 3 1. Discuss how the principles of job design and reinforcement theory apply to the performance problems at the Hovey and Beard Company. Principals of Job design exhibited at the Hovey and Beard Company‚ a production company who made toys. Toy painters were experiencing the following problems: New painters learned at a slower pace (making the other painters lose money on rewards per piece) the assembly line hooks moved too fast‚ painters blamed management. Incentive pay
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Dominick Tammara Unipolar Depression’s Etiology by Sociocultural‚ Psychodynamic and Behavioral Theories Unipolar depression is a psychological disorder which has seen a surge in the last 50 years. It has been discussed in numerous works of art‚ and has even become a public health issue because of its prevalence. Evidently‚ this psychological condition is complicated‚ and diminishes performance in many areas. Due to the fact that it has been reaching epidemic proportions‚ it has become a mayor
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Unit 10: Stress Theory; Selyle/Psychoneuroimmunology By Jessica Cronin RN‚ Teri Lieser RN Unit Summary Unit 10 examines stress‚ the stress response as described by Dr. Hans Selye in addition to clinical situations and research involving Stress Theory‚ a borrowed theory used in nursing practice. Unit Objectives 1. Describe the background‚ development and concepts of Stress Theory 2. Identify the relationship among Stress Theory concepts 3. Outline the phenomena‚ populations and
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Expectancy theory proposes that a person will decide to behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be.[1] In essence‚ the motivation of the behavior selection is determined by the desirability of the outcome. However‚ at the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. This is done before making the ultimate
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Prospect theory Prospect theory was developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979 as a psychologically realistic alternative to expected utility theory. It allows one to describe how people make choices in situations where they have to decide between alternatives that involve risk‚ e.g. in financial decisions. Starting from empirical evidence‚ the theory describes how individuals evaluate potential losses and gains. In the original formulation the term prospect referred to a lottery.
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of Behaviorism." Skinner developed a theory of operant conditioning‚ which states that all behavior is governed by reinforcing and punishing stimuli. Behavior modification uses a scheduled approach that rewards desired behavior and "punishes" undesirable behavior. This technique continues to be used in therapy and is used in many psychological settings. Principles Reinforcement and punishment are the main principles of behavior modification. Reinforcement strengthens a behavior‚ while punishment
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across animal species. Comparing Works of Skinner and Harlow To state the obvious Both Skinner and Harlow conducted experiments with non-human animals‚ skinners preferred animal species to study were rats and pigeons where as Harlow most famous theory revolved around the experimental research of rhesus monkeys. Skinner pursued the foundation of behaviourism (also referred to as stimulus-response psychology)‚ which suggested that psychology should only study observable‚ measurable behaviour.
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CHAPTER 1: Auteur theory in the context of Film theory Although the term auteur dates back to the 1920s in the theoretical writings of French film critics and directors of the silent era‚ it is worth pointing out that in Germany‚ as early as 1913‚ the term ‘author’s film (Autorenfilm) had already been coined (Hayward‚2000: 20). Hayward believed that the Autorenfilm emerged partly as a response to the French Film d’Art (art cinema) movement‚ which began in 1908. Film d’Art was particularly successful
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are classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and the social learning theory. The main assumptions made by the behaviourists are • That scientific methods should be used to study only behaviour that is observable • The environment (i.e. the people or events in it) causes our behaviour • The two ways in which we learn from the environment are through classical and operant conditioning. The classical conditioning theory was developed by a Russian psychologist called Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
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