making it more nucleophilic. As explained both NaBH4 and LiAlH4 perform the same task‚ but because of LiAlH4’s higher reactivity they are used in different situations. NaBH4 can be used in alcoholic solvent while LiAlH4 can’t be because it will deprotonate and produce H2. Also‚ LiAlH4 can reduce ketones‚ aldehydes‚ carboxylic acids as well as esters. In contrast‚ NaBH4’s lower reactivity causes it only effective at reducing ketones‚ and aldehydes. In this lab NaBH4 will be used‚ an example of such a
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be used to shed strong doubt on Locke’s ideology that Nurture is the only influence in Anti-social behaviour. The features of anti-social behaviour include ‘hyperactivity-inattention‚ novelty- or sensation-seeking‚ impulsivity‚ low physiological reactivity‚ and cognitive impairment‚’ (Locke) and Locke supports his argument that Nature is the cause for this through such theories as Piaget’s social cognitive development theory stating that encouragement from parents can develop a child’s attitude towards
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THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS 291 UNIT 10 THE s -BLOCK ELEMENTS The first element of alkali and alkaline earth metals differs in many respects from the other members of the group After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • describe the general characteristics of the alkali metals and their compounds; • explain the general characteristics of the alkaline earth metals and their compounds; • describe the manufacture‚ properties and uses of industrially important sodium and calcium
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13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV) ALKYNES SYNOPSIS Alkynes are commonly known as acetylenes. Acetylene is the simplest and important member of the alkyne series. • Alkynes contain – C ≡ C – • General molecular formula of alkynes is CnH2n–2 • Triple bonded carbons are ‘sp’ hybridized and greater s – character is associated with it. • Alkynes will exhibit chain‚ position and functional isomerism. • Their functional isomers are alkadienes and cyclo alkenes. • The minimum number of carbons required to exhibit
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The early twentieth century led to the discovery of penicillin‚ which revolutionized the use of curative agents to combat many bacterial contagions found around the globe. This was particularly useful in 1943 when the War Production Board outlined a plan to mass-produce a powdered formula of the drug to aid in the WWII American war effort.1 Penicillin’s use on Allied forces in the field reduced the number of amputations and deaths by an estimated 12-15%.2 Despite penicillin’s continued use today
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some people who have seen or lived through a shocking‚ scary‚ or dangerous event.” Symptoms could begin to occur within 3 months of the incident‚ or they might not develop until years after. Symptoms include re-experiencing‚ avoidance‚ arousal and reactivity‚ and cognition and mood symptoms. These conditions can become chronic but it is very rare. Re-experiencing symptoms are caused by the person’s own thoughts and feelings. This occurs when something reminds the person of that event‚ usually a
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Introduction: This report required the successful identification of two unknown substances through experimental testing on a selective collection of materials and equipment. For the first substance (which will be either tin or aluminium)‚ two tests shall be done to ensure a decisive and educated decision onto what the substance is. The first step utilizes the dramatic difference in density between the two substances by measuring the volume and mass of the unknown substance. By calculating the volume
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of joints leading to hot‚ swollen and painfully restricted movements. RA can also affect other parts of the body such as the eyes or lungs. In the early mornings RA presents as joint stiffness that eases during the day. If left untreated‚ repetitive inflammation often results in joint damage. RA can occur at any age‚ but usually presents in people from 35 to 643. With an estimated half a million
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thermodynamic properties of the equilibrium as it progresses. PROCEDURE: Refer to Manual for CHEM 2701: Chemical Reactivity Experiment 2: Thermodynamics of the Rhodamine β-Lactone Zwitterion Equilibrium‚ pages 28-31. CALCULATIONS/RESULTS: The mass of Rhodamine β-Lactone required to make up the stock solution‚ specified on page 30 of Manual for CHEM 2701: Chemical Reactivity Experiment 2: Thermodynamics of the Rhodamine β-Lactone Zwitterion Equilibrium‚ was calculated in the following way:
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activity series plays a major role in corrosion itself. The activity series is basically an empirical series of metals; in order of reactivity from highest to lowest. Gold being the least reactive at the bottom of the list and lithium being the most reactive at the top of the list. Starting at gold and working up to lithium at the top of the list; the metals increase in reactivity‚ lose electrons more readily to form positive ions‚ corrode more readily‚ require more energy to be
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