Utilitarianism is the ethical doctrine which essentially states that which is good is that which brings about the most happiness to the most people. John Stuart Mill believed that the decisions we make should always benefit the most people as much as possible regardless of the consequences to the minority or even yourself. He would say all that matters in the decision of right versus wrong is the amount of happiness produced by the consequences. In the decisions we make Mill would say that we need
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Cultural Relativism This essay covers various aspects of cultural relativism and its argument to readers. Cultural relativism is a theory‚ which mainly concentrates on differences in values and moral beliefs of different people. To help explain the concept of cultural relativism I have used James Rachels argument. The main idea of cultural relativism is that "Different cultures have different moral codes" (Rachels 652). This means that there is no thing as universal truth ’‚ and what is right
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and/or true (279). There happen to be three primary theories that explain morality and they all answer the same questions: what is good‚ why is it good‚ and where is the good located (280). The theories that answer these questions are the teleological‚ deontological‚ and virtue-based theory. These theories answer the same questions nevertheless they don’t answer them the same way. White believes that humans remain notoriously fickle with the
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Cultural relativism holds that there is no universal morality that is common among all cultures. Specifically‚ in an article on cultural relativism James Rachels states the following characteristics of cultural relativism: 1) Different societies have different moral codes; 2) There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one societal code better than another; 3) The moral code of our own society has no special status; it is merely one among many; 4) There is no "universal truth"
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Nathan Whittingham Professor Mariana Philosophy 120 12 October 2014 The Fallacy of Cultural Relativism The diversity of beliefs and ways of life is a conspicuous phenomenon that occurs within the human race. For example‚ what Satanists find right and reasonable is damnable to Christians‚ and vice-versa. Additionally‚ the ancient Aztecs practiced human sacrifice for reasons that today‚ we find totally illogical. And just as we‚ in America‚ now look back upon our history regarding slavery with
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1 I) Utilitarianism…………………………………….P.3 II) Introduction to the main idea of Utilitarianism : The Principle of Utility ………………………….P.6 The Greatest Happiness Principle…………….P.9 III) Two kinds of pleasure………………........…P.11 IV) The Calculation of Utility…………………....P.15 V) The measurement of utility……………..…..P.17 VI) The proof of Principle of Greatest Happiness……………………………….…..P.18 VII) The Harm Principle ………………………..P.19 VIII) Assessing Utilitarianism…………………..P.21 2 I) Utilitarianism: + Whenever
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Ethics The field of ethics ( or moral philosophy) involves systematizing‚ defending‚ and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Ethics is the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it and there are two levels: on individual level and on society level. On individual level is a person’s own moral beliefs i.e. what he accepts as right and wrong‚ good or bad. For example‚ vegetarian and non-vegetarian and on society
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Rosalind Hursthouse viewpoints on virtue-based ethics express how virtue ethics can provide guidance on a particular action‚ deal with moral problems or conflicts‚ and influence a range of emotions and emotional reactions (Timmons‚ 2012‚ p. 243). Hursthouse from a virtue ethics perspective‚ states that people act in accordance with duty and considers the question which character traits are virtues and explores how answers to this question can be supported by an appeal to the fact of a person’s natural
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on new meaning. The ethics of military orders quickly become a problem when studying right and wrong. The problem ethics raise concerning military orders is solved using the theory of utilitarianism‚ and though opposed by ethical relativism‚ in this situation utilitarianism is the answer. The study of morality is called ethics. Morality is made up of the acceptable limits that the group “society” or individual has regarding good and evil and right and wrong. Ethics is one of the three divisions
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Virtue‚ Ethics and Morality in Business To understand‚ virtue‚ ethics‚ and morality we must first understanding there meanings. According to Boatright‚ “”morality and ethics are interchangeable; however‚ they have some subtle differences.” (Ethics and Conduct of Business‚ Boatright) Webster’s Dictionary describes ethics as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation; a set or moral principles. Webster’s Dictionary describes moral as of or relating to
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