Organizational Citizenship Behavior 1. Introduction In the last 20 years increasing attention has been drawn to the concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior by academic researchers and‚ more recently‚ by managers. Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are employee behaviors that go beyond role requirements‚ not formally rewarded or punished by the organization‚ which in the “aggregate” facilitate organizational functioning and benefit the organization by improving efficiency (Organ
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THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW Vol. 86‚ No. 6 2011 pp. 2075–2098 American Accounting Association DOI: 10.2308/accr-10134 Judging the Relevance of Fair Value for Financial Instruments Lisa Koonce The University of Texas at Austin Karen K. Nelson Rice University Catherine M. Shakespeare University of Michigan ABSTRACT: We conduct three experiments to test if investors’ views about fair value are contingent on whether the financial instrument in question is an asset or liability‚ whether
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HIGHER EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN Kazakhstan is a country the size of Western Europe‚ with a population of almost 17 million. This population is quite well educated‚ a positive legacy from the former USSR; other inheritances are less positive. Great efforts have been made in recent years to reform Kazakhstan’s education system to meet the needs of a modern competitive economy. This review considers how far these efforts have succeeded‚ and what more still needs to be done‚ in
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THE RELEVANCE OF SHORTHAND IN MODERN OFFICE OPERATIONS For the effective discharge of their duties‚ professional secretaries must have a mastery of the basic office skills. These skills include Shorthand‚ type writing etc. of all these skills‚ shorthand happens to the most important and most challenging of all. But in secretarial departments of most tertiary institutions‚ most students believed that secretaries no longer write shorthand in business offices with theinvention and installation of
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Citizenship in the United States has been a sought-after dream by many people in the World. It is the reason we are the “great melting pot”‚ and the reason for the many mass immigrations that have taken place to the United States. Over the course of two centuries‚ there has been much turmoil in United States politics about giving citizenship status to immigrants. Most of the latter reasoning for not wanting to grant citizenship has been blamed justly on the prejudice of American Society. The Supreme
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Citizenship has come along way. The citizenship we know today was highly influenced by Athens and Rome. In ancient Athens‚ it was difficult to become a citizen only a selected amount of men were allowed to become citizens. Becoming a citizen of the Roman Republic was easier‚ therefore there was bigger variety in the citizenship system. Although citizenship in Athens was more cautious and demanding than the citizenship in Rome‚ Rome’s Citizenship was better because more people could have become citizens
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Citizenship & Immigration Canada Canada’s immigration policies have changed over the last few years. The most uptodate information is available on the Ministry of Citizenship & Immigration web page. Use the web page to answer the following questions. Come to Canada 1. Select Immigrate and then select Apply to Immigrate . List and briefly explain the nine ways people can immigrate to Canada. Nine ways people can immigrate to Canada is if they apply for one of the following things:
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The Romans show freely citizenship probably by rewarding the people. 5. How could you use this document to argue that Athens had a better system of citizenship than Rome? I could use this document to argue that the Athens had a better system of citizenship than Rome because Athens didn’t want to their government to show weakness. Document D: 1. What did it mean when Athenians ostracized
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1‚ determines the citizens or the members of the Philippines. It presents that citizenship is established by birth‚ by inheritance from one or both parents or by naturalization. Citizenship may also be lost or regained later in life. In Section 2‚ a natural-born citizenship who are legally citizines in the Philippines from birth wothout having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippines citizenship. In Section 3‚ If being a Philippine citizen lost or gone because of applying
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Bibliography: Long‚ R. J. (2010). Strategic Compensation in Canada. Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd. Sniderman‚ P. R.‚ Bulmash‚ J.‚ Nelson‚ D. L.‚ & Quick‚ J. C. (2010). Managing Organizational Behaviour in Canada. Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd. .
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