Strategy Formulation in the context of SMEs: relevant or irrelevant? ABSTRACT A study was made to determine whether SME’s in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia applies the strategic management concept as described by the Wheelen and Hunger model. Specifically‚ this study was intended to determine whether SMEs do strategic planning and what methods were used. Findings indicated that most SMEs were found to have strategic planning process in-place. Further study shows that these SMEs also
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Management‚ the Controller‚ and Cost Accounting Management According to Henry Fayol’s Industrial and General Administration‚ "to manage is to forecast and to plan‚ organize‚ to command‚ to co-ordinate and to control". To an organization‚ those various activity can be narrowed to Planning‚ Organizing and Control by three groups of management: operating management‚ middle management and executive management with different role in each level. Planning is the process of sensing external opportunities
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Accounting is the collection and aggregation of information for decision makers including managers‚ investors‚ regulators‚ lenders‚ and the public. Accounting systems affect behavior and management and have affects across departments‚ organizations‚ and even countries. This paper will give the reader an understanding about cost accounting. This paper will discuss: Why is cost accounting so important to the success of the firm; what are the various methods of cost accounting and how are they used;
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1. In an accounting information system‚ which of the following is NOT a transformational process? a. collecting data b. analyzing data *c. performance reporting d. summarizing data 2. Which of the following is NOT a process associated with an accounting information system? *a. auditing existing data b. collecting and recording data c. providing information to users d. analyzing and managing data 3. In an accounting information system‚ the inputs are usually a.
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manufacturing cost categories. LO2 Distinguish between product costs and period costs and give examples of each. including calculation of the cost of goods sold. LO4 Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured. LO5 Understand the differences between variable costs and fixed costs. LO6 Understand the differences between direct and indirect costs. LO7 Define and give examples of cost classifications used in making decisions: differential costs‚ opportunity costs‚ and sunk costs. LO8
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DECISION MAKING IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Decision making is a process of selecting the best among the different alternatives. It is the act of making a choice. There are so many alternatives found in the hospitality industry. It is the selection of choice of one best alternative. Before making decisions all alternatives should be evaluated from which advantages and disadvantages are known. It helps to make the best decisions. Strategies for Decision Making It can be argued that an individual
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3.05 Marginal Cost Analysis Name:______________________________________________ Step One: Launch the data generator to get started (located in the last page of the lesson‚ or use the numbers given below: Quantity Price (in whole dollars) Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Total Cost Marginal Cost Profit (or loss) 0 42 0 35 1 41 41 68 2 40 80 94 3 39 117 107 4 38 152 114 5 37 185 129 6 36 216 180 7 35 245 235 8 34 272 296 Step Two: Determine a product
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different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
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collect‚ store and process data into information‚ through the assistance of a set of interrelated components. The processed information is later distributed to support decision making in an organisation (Oz‚ 2006). Information system can be decomposed to two main elemental subsystems namely as Accounting Information System (AIS) and Management Information System (MIS). AIS mainly process financial transactions of an organisation. However‚ it also processes some non-financial transactions that have a direct
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DECISION MAKING INTRODUCTION Decision making is an essential aspect of modern management. It is a primary function of management. A manager’s major job is sound/rational decision-making. He takes hundreds of decisions consciously and subconsciously. Decision-making is the key part of manager’s activities. Decisions are important as they determine both managerial and organizational actions. A decision may be defined as "a course of action which is consciously chosen from among a set of alternatives
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