Economic Cost of “Power Outages” By Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha Table of Contents Page No. 1. Causes of Power Outages 1 2. Quantifying Outage Costs 2 3. Incidence of Outages 4 4. Pattern of Direct Costs 5 5. Types of Adjustments to Outages 5 6. Extent of Recovery of Output 6 7. Total Outage Costs to the Industrial Sector 6 8. National Costs of Load Shedding 7 9. Policy Implications 9 9.1. Investment in Power Sector 9 9.2. Load Management
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Question 1: (a) Suppose the income elasticity of demand for pre-recorded music compact disks is +5 and the income elasticity of demand for a cabinet maker’s work is +0.5. Compare the impact on pre-recorded music compact disks and the cabinet maker’s work of a recession that reduces consumer incomes by 10 per cent. (2 marks) (b) How might you determine whether the pre-recorded music compact discs and MP3 music players are in competition with each other? (2 marks) (c) Interpret the
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compromising standards of labor performance. (T) 4. Increases in sales volume tend to improve labor productivity. (T) * As his efficiency increase‚ the cost of labor per unit produced actually decrease. * Increase in sales volume results in greater employee efficiency at lower labor cost per unit 5. The key to successful labor cost control is paying the lowest possible dollar wage.(F) May use of part-time staff‚ outsourcing 6. The local minimum wage is an amount set by a group of
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management statement not to exceed 100 words. 13-5. (Flotation costs and issue size) D. Butler Inc. needs to raise $14 million. Assuming that the market price of the firm’s stock is $95‚ and flotation costs are 10 percent of the market price‚ how many shares would have to be issued? What is the dollar size of the issue? Market price of the firms stock $95 Flotation cost 10 percent of market price Stock price is $95‚ so the flotation Costs are $9.50 (10% x $95) the firm receives $95 - 9.50 = $85
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CONFIDENTIAL AC/OCT 2010/ACC116/165/211 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME INTRODUCTION TO COST ACCOUNTING / COST ACCOUNTING ACC116/165/211 OCTOBER 2010 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of five (5) questions. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to
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the answer to the question is. A ball and bat cost $1.10. The bat costs $1 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? If you’re like most people‚ your immediate answer was‚ "Ten cents." And you’d be wrong. Check it out. The bat costs $1 more than the ball. So if the ball costs ten cents‚ then the bat costs $1.10‚ and the total cost would be $1.20. That’s too much. We could try something lower. How about seven cents? Then the bat would cost $1.07‚ and the total would be $1.14. Closer
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THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
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The Cost of College THE PROBLEM: The cost to attend college is high‚ and has been rising for many years. The cost of college is too high‚ a lot of people can’t afford it‚ and unemployment rates are sky high. Why is the cost of college so much? The best answer would be our economy. Our economy has a great effect on the rising prices of everything‚ including college tuition. Another factor influencing the price of college is the demand for a higher education‚ for a well-paying job is more than ever
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folktales and fairy tales still relevant? Back in the day‚ myths‚ fairy tales‚ and folk tales were stories to teach lessons‚ but nowadays is it still something people look up to and is relevant to our society or is it just a story to scare children into behaving or learning their lesson? To this day it is still relevant and here’s why. The story “ The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twain Dramatized by Joellen‚ is one story that some still read today and is relevant in today’s society. As in lines
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a transaction cost is a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. A number of different kinds of transaction costs exist. Search and information costs are costs such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market‚ who has the lowest price‚ etc. Bargaining costs are the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction‚ drawing up an appropriate contract‚ etc.. Policing and enforcement costs are the costs of making sure
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