COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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3 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Learning Objectives 1. Explain the features of cost-volumeprofit (CVP) analysis 2. Determine the breakeven point and output level needed to achieve a target operating income 3. Understand how income taxes affect CVP analysis 4. Explain how managers use CVP analysis in decision making 5. Explain how sensitivity analysis helps managers cope with uncertainty 6. Use CVP analysis to plan variable and fixed costs 7. Apply CVP analysis to a company producing multiple
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have done above is a “full-cost” analysis. This is in contrast to a “direct-cost” analysis that ignores overhead costs. Is full cost the right metric for job profitability and customer profitability? What assumptions are we making about the variability of overhead costs when we do a “full-cost” analysis? By allocating the overhead costs to jobs and customers there is an implicit assumption that these are variable with the cost driver. In reality‚ some of the overhead costs are fixed‚ at least in the
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Plant overhead $122‚000 D/L rate/hour $30 Youngstown has a traditional cost system. It calculates a plant-wide overhead rate by dividing total overhead costs by total direct labor hours. Assume‚ for the calculations below‚ that plant overhead is a committed (fixed) cost during the year‚ but that direct labor is a variable cost. 1. Calculate the plant-wide overhead rate. Use this rate to assign overhead costs to products and calculate the profitability of the four products. The assignment
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CHAPTER 6 PRODUCTION EXERCISES 4. A political campaign manager must decide whether to emphasize television advertisements or letters to potential voters in a reelection campaign. Describe the production function for campaign votes. How might information about this function (such as the shape of the isoquants) help the campaign manager to plan strategy? The output of concern to the campaign manager is the number of votes. The production function has two inputs‚ television advertising and
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management concluded the large fixed cost absorbed sale figure. First it is important to understand the standard costing system implemented in Rubber group. Standard costing assigns quantity and price standards to each component of variable and fixed costs in calculating the total cost. In the case of NASA‚ the system uses standard purchasing price (input cost) and standard inputs usage in place for variable costs‚ and standard spending price (input cost) and standard
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Cost Classifications for Decision-Making. Every decision involves choosing from among at least two alternatives. Only those costs and benefits that differ between alternatives are relevant in making the selection. This concept is explored in greater detail in the chapter on relevant costs. However‚ decision-making contexts crop up from time to time in the text before that chapter‚ so it is a good idea to familiarize students with relevant cost concepts. 1. Differential Costs. A differential cost
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis Chapter 11 Decision Making and Relevant Information Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 11 - 1 Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis Decision Model • The process of making a choice‚ often involving both quantitative and qualitative analyses • Quality of the choice depends upon the qualify of the information obtained – Perfect information is never available 1 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 11 - 2 Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis Decision
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Sunk Cost-cost that has already been incurred and cannot be avoided no matter what a manager decides to do. A business segment should only be dropped if a company can avoid more in fixed costs than it loses in: contribution margin Which of the following techniques describe how a bottleneck should be managed: Find ways to increase the capacity of the bottleneck‚ ensure there is minimal lost time at the bottleneck due to breakdowns and set-ups‚ focus business process improvement efforts on the bottleneck
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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