of Internal Control to Cash Receipts ---Cash receipts may result from cash sales; collections on account from customers; the receipt of interest‚ rents‚ and dividends; investments by owners; bank loans; and proceeds from the sale of noncurrent assets. ---The following internal control principles explained earlier apply to cash receipts transactions as shown: Establishment of responsibility - Only designated personnel (cashiers) are authorized to handle cash receipts. Segregation
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Circular Flow of Income Model We start our study of macroeconomics Macroeconomics is a part of the subject that considers the economy as a whole. When we study macroeconomics we look at changes in economic growth; inflation; unemployment and our trade performance with other countries (i.e. the balance of payments). The scope of macroeconomics also includes an evaluation of the relative success or failure of government economic policies. by introducing the idea of the circular flow The circular
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land‚ labor‚ capital and entrepreneurship. Which are made available to firm that will pay factor incomes to the households. The firm will use the factors of production to produce output in the form of goods and services‚ which will purchase by the households. In buying the goods and services‚ households therefore incur expenditures. 2.0 Circular Flow between Firm and Households The circular flows between firms and household may therefore be represented by the following 4 flows: Flow of factor of
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In economics‚ the terms circular flow of income or circular flowrefer to a simple economic model which describes the reciprocal circulation of income between producers and consumers.[1][2] In the circular flow model‚ the inter-dependent entities of producer and consumer are referred to as "firms" and "households" respectively and provide each other with factors in order to facilitate the flow of income.[1] Firms provide consumers with goods and services in exchange for consumer expenditure and "factors
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Efficient Cash Management Upon preparation of cash budgets after forecasting the receipts and payments‚ the management will have knowledge about the cash position of the firm. After knowing the cash position‚ the management should work out the basic strategies to be employed to manage its cash. The strategies of cash management are essentially related to the cash turnover process‚ that is‚ the cash cycle together with the cash turnover. The cash cycle is the amount of time cash is tied up between
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How to : Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) Data flow diagram (DFD) is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system Order CUSTOMER Status Message Status Data 2.0 Shipping Confirmation In-Stock Request WAREHOUSE 1.0 Shipping Order Check Status Order Data D1 Pending Orders 3.0 Issue Status Messages Order Data Payment Invoice Manage Accounts Receivable 5.0 Accounting Data Accounts Receivable Data
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INVENTORY AND CASH MANAGEMENT SESSION 5 T Cash Can Be Managed as Inventory • Cash managed like inventory in manufacturing o Doesn’t mean physical cash; instead can be ‘quick’ financial instruments:短期国库券 checking accounts t-bills‚ o Demand for cash by organizations‚ individuals varies • Main concepts are: o Need to estimate ‘transactions demand’ o Models for changes in cash balances o Continuous cash management approach • Supply chain of physical cash o Think of advantages
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MANAGEMENT WEEK 2 - 3 TOPIC - CAPITAL INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND INFLATION AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT ANALYSIS WITH TAXATION OBJECTIVE At the end of this lecture‚ the students should be able to: 1. Explain the nature of inflation 2. Distinguish between money cash flow and real cash flow 3. Distinguish between money and real discount rates 4. Compute impact of inflation on discounted cash flow. 5. Explain investment incentives - capital allowance‚ annual allowance initial
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Petty Cash System Review (last 12 months) |Issue / Potential for Fraud |Fraud Rating |Date Incident Occurred |Notes | |No policy or procedures written up.|1 |Listed in the breakdowns below. |Many of the incidents or potential for fraud could be eliminated if there were documented | | | |
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CASH VERSUS CREDIT Cash and credit are the preferred methods of payments in today’s society. Some consumers only purchase with cash‚ while others enjoy the convenience of using a credit card. There are advantages and disadvantages to using both credit and cash. Understanding the benefits‚ and drawbacks of both‚ should make it easier to decide which method is best for you. Managing your money can be a challenge whether you are using cash or a credit card. For example‚ using your credit
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