types of causation which are necessary to establish criminal liability. These are factual causation and cause in law (also known as legal causation). Factual causation means that the defendant can only be found guilty if the consequence would not have happened ‘but for’ the defendant’s conduct. This was seen in the case of Pagett (1982). Similarly‚ a defendant cannot be found guilty if the victim’s death was unrelated to the defendant’s actions (as in White‚ 1910). Legal causation‚ where the
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Strict Liability “The law presumes that mens rea is always required in criminal offences‚ unless it is clear that Parliament intended an offence to be one of strict liability”. Discuss. (25marks) The general principle of criminal law is that the prosecution must establish the presence of both actus reus and mens rea. As the majority of criminal offences are created by statute‚ Parliament will usually indicate the kind of mens rea required
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“Remarks to the Convocation of the Church of God In Christ‚” by Bill Clinton‚ is a speech regarding our progression‚ and failure‚ as a country. In the place where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his last sermon‚ Bill Clinton imagines what it would be like if we were issued a report card on these last 25 years. He argues that King would approve of our advances in racial equality. For example: blacks can now take office‚ access more housing opportunities‚ advance within the military‚ and belong to a more
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in the business of receiving deposits (liabilities) and to issue debt securities on one hand and create or invest in assets on the other hand during these transactions banks incur costs for their liabilities and earn income from their assets. Asset – liability management is therefore very critical for the sound management of the finances of any organisation that invests to meet its future cash flow needs and capital requirements. An efficient asset-liability management requires maximising the bank’s
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great man of science was formed. While changing fields of study (from engineering apprenticeship to mathematical physician)‚ J. J. Thomson wrote and studied many aspects of both chemistry and physics. J. J. Thomson has many awards for his great accomplishments and discoveries. Having the opportunity to study under and with some of the greats of his time‚ Thomson was able to receive great advice and resources for his studies and experiments. Lord Rayleigh was his great mentor and teacher at Cavendish
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classification as a person begins at its viability. Others argue that a fetus is a person at the first sign of brain activity. There is no way to definitive answer so Thomson side steps this by assuming for the sake of argument that a fetus is a person and even such‚ there are cases where abortion should still be considered morally permissible. Thomson effectively argued or the moral permissibility
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“Someday they will know what I mean.”– Tom Thomson There are a lot of different arguments about how the great painter Tom Thomson died. Some believed he committed suicide or had a tragic accident or even drowned‚ some thought that he was killed because of a debt or an argument about the war. I believe that there are only 2 plausible theories: he committed suicide or he was murder. Since his death‚ Thomson’s work has grown in value and popularity. In 2002‚ the National Gallery of Canada
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Estimated liabilities are a known obligation that is of an uncertain amount but that can be reasonable estimated. Common examples are employee benefits such as pensions‚ heath care and vacation pay‚ and warranties offered by a seller (Fundamental Accounting Principles‚ Chapter 11‚ Pg 437). When a firm sells products or renders services with a warranty‚ the firms has an obligation towards the customer when the warranty is honored. The warranty liability is an estimate of the obligations. Hence‚ a
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Products Liability 1. Construct a fact pattern [an example] to clearly delineate: a. A Manufacturing Defect: A car’s braking system that does not work properly and causes the driver to get into an accident. b. A Design Defect: A type of sunglasses that fail to protect the eyes from ultraviolet rays. c. A Marketing Defect: Prescription drugs advertised as “virtually non-toxic‚” “safe‚” and “free of significant side effects” when they are not. They failed to state
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each part relevant to the understanding of responsibility and liability in the company by the company management. Introduction- will provide some information in the relation to the financial information. Why do we need it and how it has been develop across the years? It will also provide the base understanding of why we need the financial report and how he affects the responsibility or the liability of the company management. Liability versus responsibility- will provide some basics understanding
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