Before the reformation‚ Europe was dominated by the Catholic Church. The church was very powerful both politically and spiritually. It was the most wealthy and powerful institution in Europe and owned about one third of the land in England. They controlled and influenced almost every aspect of life for the people. Social life was centered on worship services‚ prayer rituals‚ and religious festivals and ceremonies. Thousands of people lived in monasteries and were employed by the church. Bishops were
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The Age of Reformation: Chapter Overview: Key Topics: The social and religious background of the Reformation‚ Martin Luther’s challenge to the church and the course of the Reformation in Germany‚ The Reformation in Switzerland‚ France‚ and England‚ and Transitions in family life between medieval and modern times. Society and Religion: Section Overview: The Protestant Reformation occurred at a time of sharp conflict between the emerging nation-states of Europe bent on conformity and
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European History Chapter 17—The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth Century Thought Chapter Overview: The Enlightenment is a movement of people and ideas that fostered the expansion of literate sectors of European society and that economic improvement and political reform were both possible and desirable. Contemporary western political and economic thought is a product of Enlightenment thinking; therefore‚ some historians believe the process of Enlightenment continues today. Inspired by the scientific
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Reaction Paper- Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation‚ first taking place in the early sixteenth century‚ brought about a whirlwind of change theologically‚ economically‚ and multiple other fronts. Most important was the globalization of Christianity—its transformations generated new directions of intellect beyond the sixteenth century. Works of theologians such as Martin Luther and John Calvin sparked the criticism of the authority and power of the Catholic Church as well as instilling
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RENAISSANCE 1. ’77: To what extent and in what ways may the Renaissance be regarded as a turning point in the Western intellectual and cultural tradition? 2. ’81: Compare the ways in which two works of art reproduced below express the artistic‚ philosophical and cultural values of their times. (Pictures of Michelangelo ’s David and Giacometti ’s Man Pointing 1947). 3. ’82: Compare and contrast the cultural values of the Enlightenment with those
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The enlightenment is a philosophical transition between the 17th and the 18th century‚ characterized by belief in human reason and revolutions in political‚ religious and educational principles (Enlightenment last updates 2015). Many philosophers have tried to answer the question‚ what is enlightenment‚ the most influential philosopher believed to have answered this question is Immanuel Kant in his text “An Answer to the question: What is enlightenment?” Kant in his argument states three main points:
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The story I read‚ "A Retrieved Reformation" by O. Henry‚ was very well written. It had words that even a 13 year old could understand. They had realistic dialog. They had a very convincing plot. Also‚ they had a dramatic ending. What I meant by "realistic dialog" is that they said things that people would normal say. For example‚ when the warden accuses Jimmy of cracking open safes and Jimmy says‚ "Me? Why I never cracked a safe in my life." He is basically denying the fact that he actually did
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An essay outlining the nature of the Enlightenment in Europe‚ focusing on the ideas and its impact on the arts in Europe in the eighteenth century. At the beginning of the 18th century the favourable style of painting was the Rococo style. This was a highly decorative‚ ornate style of art‚ which lasted throughout the reign of Louis XV (1715-74) and spread to other countries‚ most notably Austria and Germany. Rococo favoured the complex swirling forms of Baroque art but was airier and more
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The Protestant Reformation may be described as a time of “reclamation.” Reformers set out to bring doctrine and practice into closer alignment with the New Testament. Following the Reformation‚ a period of rationalism set in. Human reason became the final court of appeal. What started as a response to a cry for reclamation of revealed scripture now heard voices that denied the existence of revelation. Although this Age of Reason is bracketed from 1648 to 1789‚ its effect has continued to the present
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Renaissance is the term used to describe the period of European history that saw a renewed interest in the arts. The Renaissance began in 14th¬century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period‚ the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages‚ with its agricultural economy and church¬dominated intellectual and cultural life‚ was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions‚ with an urban‚ commercial economy and lay
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