the total amount of stocks of all classes authorized in the certificate of incorporation. * It may consist of the issued stocks and the un-issued stock of the corporation. Capital stock- represents the actual amount of stocks of all classes which are issued and outstanding any time and not necessary the total amount of authorized capital stock‚ a large part of which is un-issued. Capital- depends on whose point of view it is being defined. To accountants- capital refers to the total ownership
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ijokl Interest Rates and Required Returns As noted in Chapter 2‚ financial institutions and markets create the mechanism through which funds flow between savers (funds suppliers) and borrowers (funds demanders). All else being equal‚ savers would like to earn as much interest as possible‚ and borrowers would like to pay as little as possible. The interest rate prevailing in the market at any given time reflects the equilibrium between savers and borrowers. INTEREST RATE FUNDAMENTALS The
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Questions 1. The stated interest payment‚ in dollars‚ made on a bond each period is called the bond’s: A. coupon. 2. The principal amount of a bond that is repaid at the end of the term is called the: B. face value. 3. The specified date on which the principal amount of a bond is repaid is called the: C. maturity. 4. The rate of return required by investors in the market for owning a bond is called the: D. yield to maturity. 5. The annual coupon divided by the face value of a bond is called
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Chapter 5 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. How did the described volcanoes in Iceland and the Philippines change the environment to lesser or greater extents? 2. Name and describe the attributes of the two categories into which all organisms can be divided based on how they obtain nutrition. All organisms can be divided into autothrops‚ which produce their own food‚ and heterothrops‚ which need to get their food from somewhere else. 3. Name and describe the roles of the three main trophic categories that make
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Topic 2 Bond market developments Overview Financial markets have been subject to significant changes in recent years due to the credit crisis. Experts believed that risk was being under-priced‚ which was expressed in the markets by a narrow spread. They believed that once the market corrected this under-pricing and re-priced the risk‚ it would likely cause a dislocation in financial markets by overshooting its equilibrium. Hence the prices‚ yields and returns on bonds have been significantly
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INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS CHEMICAL BOND Definition: A chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Main types of bond: 1. Ionic or electrovalent bond‚ 2. Covalent bond‚ 3. Coordinate covalent bond Forth type of bond: Metallic bond: The type of bonding which holds the atoms together in metal crystal. Valence electron: The electrons in the outer most energy level in an atom that takes part in chemical
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BONDS MARKET IN INDIA What are Bonds? A bond is a debt security in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and‚ depending on the terms of the bond‚ is obliged to pay interest (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date‚ termed maturity. A bond is a formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest at fixed intervals. Thus a bond is like a loan: the issuer is the borrower (debtor)‚ the holder is the lender (creditor)‚ and the coupon is the interest. Bonds have a maturity
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Homework #1 [Problem 4] Bond Price I discussed after class some ideas as to how to go about building the Bond Price function. This is problem 4 of the first homework assignment. There are three functions that have to be built. This is stated in the problem. The three functions are a function to calculate the present value interest factor for a single value. The second function returns a calculation of the present value interest factor of an annuity. The third function utilizes the first two
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EQUITY WARRANT BONDS Equity warrant bonds are bonds issued with equity warrants attached. Warrants are similar to share options‚ and give their holder the right but not the obligation to subscribe for a fixed quantity of equity stocks in the company at a future date‚ and at a fixed subscription price (exercise price). When bonds are issued with warrants‚ the warrants are detachable and can be sold in the stock market separately from the bonds. Investors might therefore subscribe to an issue of
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two zero-coupon bonds‚ one maturing in three years and one maturing in five years. Both have a face value of 100 euro. The three year rate is currently 3% and the five year rate 4%. What is the value of your portfolio? What is its modified duration? What is the sensitivity of the portfolio value to one basis point increase in each of the time buckets? What is the present value of a basis point? After some up-beat economic news‚ the three years rate moves up to 3.17% and the five years rate to 4.40%
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