operant conditioning: a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher ➢ operant behavior: behavior that operates on the environment‚ producing consequences 6.3.1 • law of effect: Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely‚ and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely • operant chamber: in operant conditioning research‚ a chamber (also known as
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Transcription and Translation Notes for IB Diploma Year 1 DNA is a huge information database that carries the complete set of instructions for making all the proteins a cell will ever need! Although there are only four different bases in DNA (A‚ C‚ G and T)‚ the order in which the bases occur determines the information to make a protein‚ just like the 26 letters of the alphabet combine to form words and sentences: Compare: RAT - TAR - ART - same 3 letters; completely different meanings. And
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Introduction: There has been an issue when a father shot her daughter’s laptop and uploaded the video on YouTube for teaching her a lifetime lesson. The girl was actually betraying the family since years by spreading wrongs news of cruelties of the family with her. While in reality‚ the family was behaving in a very caring and routine way (Ferguson‚ 2012). The incident gives rise to many queries. Was the girl suffering from some sort of split personality syndrome? Was whole of the family suffering
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AP/IB Biology Lab Assessment The effect of various fruit and vegetable cell membranes on their water potential Independent variable: Type of fruit or vegetable. (Produce used: Russet potatoes‚ Pascal celery‚ Gala apple‚ Navel orange‚ and Imperator carrot). The fruit or vegetable will be placed in six 56.7 gram cups‚ ranging with sucrose molarities of 0 (distilled water)‚ 0.2‚ 0.4‚ 0.6‚ 0.8‚ 1.0‚ with 5 trials‚ leading to 30 cups for each produce variable. Dependent variable: The water potential
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How does human psychology affect consumer decision-making and how can marketers use that to their advantage? An extended essay submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for IB Table of Contents Abstract 1 Essay 2-13 Works Cited 14-16 Abstract The psychology of marketing is one of the most popularly researched studies today. It’s advantageous for marketers and advertisers to understand
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THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF LIVING MATTER Relevant IB topic: T3 Time: 2 hours BACKGROUND The principal chemical constituents of living matter are: water‚ mineral salts‚ organic compounds such as carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids‚ nucleic acids. In this exercise we shall concentrate on carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and we shall estimate the concentration of Vitamin C‚ an organic compound‚ in a solution‚ by the
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patients suffering from depression or anxiety related disorders during therapy. The psychodynamic approach looks at how our behaviour and feelings are strongly affected by unconscious motives. The theory also involves how our childhood experiences effect the behaviour and feelings in adulthood and that personality is shaped by different conflicts at different times in childhood (McLeod‚ 2007). The case study of little Hans by Freud supported the theory of child development‚ Little Hans had a fear
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level of autonomic nervous system arousal may contribute to A) post-traumatic stress disorder. B) phobias. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) dissociative disorders. E) generalized anxiety disorder. ____ ____ ____ ____ Page 1 AP Psychology C14 Practice Test ____ 6. The symptoms of ________ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ________. A) antisocial personality; schizophrenia B) major depression; bipolar disorder C) obsessive-compulsive disorder; phobias
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Social psychology is about understanding individual behavior in a social context. Baron‚ Byrne & Suls (1989) define social psychology as ....... “the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior in social situations”. (p. 6). It therefore looks at human behavior as influenced by other people and the social context in which this occurs. Social psychologists therefore deal with the factors that lead us to behave in a given way in the presence of others
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In psychology‚ there are two types of attention: selective attention and divided attention. Divided attention is the state of paying attention to more than one stimulus or to a stimulus rather than focusing on one certain action or thing. Where selective attention on the other hand can be described as a type of attention which involves focusing on a specific part of a scene while ignoring other aspects. We can multitask or scan as long as anything we are doing is not too complicated or requires
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