are better known as ratio analysis. Ratios are among the more widely used tools of financial analysis because they provide clues to and symptoms of underlying conditions.2 Ratios help measure a company’s liquidity‚ activity‚ profitability‚ leverage and coverage.1 These five measured sections show how ratio analysis is used in decision-making‚ how a firm can measure its financial situation and financial performance‚ and the strengths and weaknesses of the company. The term ratio analysis can be broken
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RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis is a key dimension of financial management‚ suggesting a relationship between profit and loss as mentioned in the balance sheet of an organization. In Latin ‘ratio’ means reason. In English ‘ratio’ means relationship. Ratio analysis is defined as “the establishment of a reasoned relationship” of a fixed variable character between measurements of certain phenomenon having some kind of linkage. A ratio shows the arithmetical relationship between two figures
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FMT-I Ratio Analysis and Risk and Return Industry – FMCG FMCG – Fast moving consumer goods Companies - ITC‚ HUL ‚ Nestle India ‚ Dabur ‚ Godrej Consumer Products The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with an estimated size of Rs.1‚300 billion. The sector has shown an average annual growth of about 11% per annum over the last decade. Unlike the developed markets‚ which are prominently dominated by few large players‚ India’s FMCG market is highly fragmented and
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1) Current Ratio The ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the company’s ability to pay back its short-term liabilities (debt and payables) with its short-term assets (cash‚ inventory‚ receivables). The higher the current ratio‚ the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. 2) Quick Ratio An indicator of a company’s short-term liquidity. The quick ratio measures a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. For this reason‚ the ratio excludes inventories
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RATIO ANALYSIS (ALL VALUES IN Rs. MILLION) 1. GROSS PROFIT MARGIN (%): GROSS PROFIT = NET SALES – COGS = TOTAL REVENUE – (Employee Benefit Expense + Operating and Other Expenses + Finance Costs) = 53107 – (22510+21598+1025) = 7974 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN = (NET SALES – COGS)/NET SALES = (7974/ 53107)*100 = 15.01497% 2. RETURN ON ASSET(RoA) RETURN ON ASSET = (PAT/TOTAL ASSET)*100 = (4606/63454)*100 = 7.258% This indicates that around 7.3% of all assets have been utilized
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Objectives of Firms Introduction to Business Objectives Standard theory assumes that businesses have sufficient information‚ market power and (importantly) motivation to set prices for their products that maximise profits This assumption is now heavily criticised by economists who have studied the organisation and objectives of modern-day corporations. Not only do most businesses frequently move away from pure profit-seeking behaviour‚ many are organised and operated in a way where profit is not the
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LIQUIDITY Liquidity ratios are used to determine a company’s ability to meet its short-term debt obligations. Investors often take a close look at liquidity ratios when performing fundamental analysis on a firm. Since a company that is consistently having trouble meeting its short-term debt is at a higher risk of bankruptcy‚ liquidity ratios are a good measure of whether a company will be able to comfortably continue as a going concern. Working Capital Working capital is the amount by which the
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DALAL & SHAH City Office East & West Insurance Building‚ 2nd Floor‚ 49-55‚ Bombay Samachar Marg‚ Fort‚ Mumbai - 400 023. India. Tel : + 91 - 22 - 22665251. Fax : + 91 - 22 - 22661503. Surburban Office The Regency"‚ Office No. 11‚ National Library Road‚ Bandra (West)‚ Mumbai - 400 050. India. Tel : + 91 - 22 - 26513540. Fax : + 91 - 22 – 26513539 www.dalalandshah.com ENGINEER & MEHTA (Chartered Accountants) Atlas‚ Khatau House‚ Ground Floor‚ 7/C‚ Moghul Lane‚
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A. FIRM AND ITS OBJECTIVE: Conventional theory of firm assumes profit maximization is the sole objective of business firms. But recent researches on this issue reveal that the objectives the firms pursue are more than one. Some important objectives‚ other than profit maximization are: (a) Maximization of the sales revenue (b) Maximization of firm’s growth rate (c) Maximization of Managers utility function (d) Making satisfactory rate of Profit (e) Long run Survival of the firm (f) Entry-prevention
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of Phoenix Material Patton-Fuller Ratio Analysis There is a _$_1 million__ difference between the “unaudited” and the “audited” financial reports. The subsequent audit adjustment __increase bad debt_____expense by $__1 milion___ and changed the operating results for 2009 from _a gain to a loss_‚ as compared to the unaudited financial statements. This audit adjustment reduced _the profitability_by 1 mil_and weakens the __creditability_ of the CEO’s report to the Board in December. The CEO’s
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