THE IMPLICATIONS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE THEORY AND REGULATION FOR SOUTH AFRICAN BANKING INSTITUTIONS By WESLEY NAIDU Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER COMMERCII in FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SCIENCES In the FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES At the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA SUPERVISOR: Prof. JOHANNES HvH DE WET November 2011 -i- ABSTRACT The topic of capital structure has been one that has plagued the academic world for a number of years
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business during a year to its stockholders’ equity during that year. It is a measure of profitability of stockholders’ investments. It shows net income as percentage of shareholder equity. Formula The formula to calculate return on equity is: ROE = Annual Net Income Average Stockholders’ Equity Net income is the after tax income whereas average shareholders’ equity is calculated by dividing the sum of shareholders’ equity at the beginning and at the end of the year by 2. The net income
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Roe vs. Wade: "The Court today is correct in holding that the right asserted by Jane Roe is embraced within the personal liberty protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. It is evident that the Texas abortion statute infringes that right directly. Indeed‚ it is difficult to imagine a more complete abridgment of a constitutional freedom than that worked by the inflexible criminal statute now in force in Texas. The question then becomes whether the state interests advanced
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the costs. Other potential impacts were considered and it was expected that the debt issue would lead to an increased agency cost of debt while voting control was not expected to change. The signal of a leveraged recapitalisation through a share repurchase should result in an increased share price and similarly‚ a recapitalisation through a dividend payout may put downward pressure on the share price when future dividend expectations are not met. Although Wrigley’s has the ability to service a $3
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insurance and etc. Wells Fargo and the 2008 Financial Crisis | Before the crisis | During the crisis | After the crisis | Profitability Ratios | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ROA% (Net) | 1.76 | 1.52 | 0.28 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.23 | ROE % (Net) | 19.6 | 17.23 | 3.61 | 11.64 | 10.38 | 11.90 | Net Interest Margin % | 61.88 | 59.62 | 72.05 | 82.32 | 84.77 | 86.54 | Calculated Tax Rate % | 33.45 | 30.70 | 18.48 | 29.62 | 33.36 | 31.47 | | | | | | | | Debt Management | |
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Source: Higgins (2009) Hendricks‚ Financial Reporting and Analysis UChicago Financial Mathematics 46/55 Problems with ROE ROE is not necessarily a good measure of financial performance. For as much attention as it gets‚ one must be careful. Market valuations are forward-looking and consider the long-term prospects of the firm. By contrast‚ ROE is largely backward-looking and considers only one year’s data. We have already noted that accounting values can easily be manipulated
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million despite increasing revenues. Also‚ return on equity (ROE) is decreasing. In analyzing the case‚ the group is taking the point of view of the Vice President for Finance – addressing the main issue of the source of the decrease in ROE. To determine the causes of the decrease‚ we looked into the different financial ratios and did trending using common size analysis. Discussion of relevant issues revealed that the decrease in ROE is caused by the decreased efficiency in the utilization of
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Ford Value Enhancement Plan (VEP) In April 2000‚ Ford Motor Co. announced a shareholder Value Enhancement Plan (VEP) to significantly recapitalize the firm’s ownership structure. Ford had accumulated $23 billion in cash reserves and under the VEP would return as much as $10 billion of this cash to shareholders. In exchange for each share currently held‚ the plan would give stockholders one new share plus the choice of receiving $20 in either cash or additional new Ford common shares. Shareholders
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* Clients’s average household income of more than 75K‚ which sheltered the company from macroeconomic pressures‚ such as high gas prices. 2. Using the scenarios in case Exhibit 9‚ what role does leverage play in affecting the return on equity (ROE) for CPK? What about the cost of capital? In assessing the effect of leverage on the cost of capital‚ you may assume that a firm’s CAPM beta can be modeled in the following manner: L = U[1 + (1 − T)D/E]‚ where U is the firm’s beta without leverage
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conceptions of him as a delicate‚ overly sensitive‚ tragic figure. Instead‚ Nicholas Roe reveals the real flesh-and-blood poet: a passionate man driven by ambition but prey to doubt‚ suspicion‚ and jealousy; sure of his vocation while bitterly resentful of the obstacles that blighted his career; devoured by sexual desire and frustration; and in thrall to alcohol and opium. Through unparalleled original research‚ Roe arrives at a fascinating reassessment of Keats’ entire life‚ from his early years at
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