Lab #1 ‐ Introduction to the Microscopy & Observation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Introduction Many of the cells and organisms that you will be studying are at the lower limits of visibility of light microscopes; therefore‚ it is extremely important that you attain critical lighting and focussing. It is also important to handle the microscope competently to avoid damaging either the microscope or the preparation you are studying
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diseases. As you saw in Activity 33‚ “From One to Another‚” researchers Alexandre Yersin and Shibasaburo Kitasato independently used the microscope to identify the cause of the bubonic plague. Compound microscopes—microscopes that use more than one lens—were invented around 1595. These first microscopes usually magnified objects only 20–30 times their original size. But as you will learn in the next few activities‚ even this level of magnification was enough to discover a world of new scientific
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Stero microscope low power instrument used in visualizing large objects at low magnification (5-50X); produces unreversed‚ right side up‚ 3-d image; unlike the compound microscope. 1. Prepare slide 2. Turn on transformer 3. Use lowest power lens 4. One eye closed‚ find and focus the object sharply 5. Close eye open the other 6. Keep both eyes open when viewing object Compound microscope Magnifies to about 1000 times with some modification‚ can be increase 2-3 times (but that’s about
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eld Introduc on Some objects are far too small to be seen with the human eye. However‚ by using a microscope many can be viewed in great detail. There are many types of microscopes that range from low–level magni ca on (i.e.‚ hand held magni ca on lens) to very high power magni ca on (i.e.‚ an electron micro scope). In the middle of that range lies the light microscope‚ or for our purposes‚ the compound light microscope‚ which uses mul ple lenses. The compound light microscope (Figure 1) has two
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rules. Background information • The measurement of specimen size with a microscope‚ is made by using an eyepiece graticule. This is a glass or plastic disc with 8 divisions etched onto its surface‚ which is inserted into the eyepiece lens. • The size of the eyepiece graticule remains constant‚ despite the fact that the image viewed will change its size depending upon whether high- or low-power objective lenses are used. For example a cell viewed with the x40 objective
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The magic lantern is an early predecessor of the modern day projector. It consisted of a translucent oil painting‚ a simple lens and a candle or oil lamp. In a darkened room‚ the image would appear projected onto an adjacent flat surface. It was often used to project demonic‚ frightening images in order to convince people that they were witnessing the supernatural. Some slides for the lanterns contained moving parts which makes the magic lantern the earliest known example of projected animation.
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Spherical Mirrors A spherical mirror is a mirror which has the shape of a piece cut out of a spherical surface. There are two types of spherical mirrors: concave‚ and convex. These are illustrated in Fig. 68. The most commonly occurring examples of concave mirrors are shaving mirrors and makeup mirrors. As is well-known‚ these types of mirrors magnify objects placed close to them. The most commonly occurring examples of convex mirrors are the passenger-side wing mirrors of cars. These type of mirrors
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Figure 2.3 shown‚ wherein the line of sight of the telescope is horizontal and the rod is vertical. For the notation i = spacing between stadia hairs‚ c = distance from the instrument center to the objective lens center‚ f = focal length (objective lens to focal point)‚ d = distance from the focal point F to the face of the rod‚ C = (f + c) = stadia constant‚ • for internal focusing telescope‚ C = 0.0 and • for external focusing telescope
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LIMITATION OF SIGHT AND HEARING INTRODUCTION Humans have sight and hearing limitation. Without any devices‚ our sight and hearing was limited. Most of the limitation of sight can be overcome with the help of certain optical instruments such as magnifying glass‚ microscope‚ binoculars and others. The range of frequency of hearing in human 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz. It was different according to the age of a person. Hearing limitations can be overcome by using devices such as microphone‚ stethoscope‚ earphone
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TOOLBOX TALK Location: Date: Conducted by: JESS IBON (Safety Officer) SAFE WORKING DAY = ACCIDENT-FREE DAY! EVERYONE GOES HOME SAFELY! EYE PROTECTION Objective: To let the workers fully understand that loss of eyesight or damage to the eyes can lead to irreversible negative effect to their families and loved ones. To give some safety tips or first aid procedure in the event of eye-related incidents or accidents. (Note to discussion leader: Bring some kind of eye protective
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