Process Of Auditing‚Auditing Vs Investigation INTRODUCTION: Introduction to auditing: Economic decisions in every society must be based upon the information available at the time the decision is made. For example‚ the decision of a bank to make a loan to a business is based upon previous financial relationships with that business‚ the financial condition of the company as reflected by its financial statements and other factors.As a result the bank has lost both the principal and the interest
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Country Differences in Accounting Standards There are five main influences on a country’s accounting system. Having a different system of accounting is like having a different culture for countries. There are many different things that dictate how an accounting differs. The relationship between business and providers of capital‚ political and economic ties with other countries‚ inflation accounting‚ level of development‚ and the national culture are the five influences on accounting systems. Relationship
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REVIEW SCHOOL OF THE PHILIPPINES Manila AUDITING THEORY Professional Accounting Practice Related PSA : Preface to PSA and Related Services 1. The following statements relate to the accounting profession: I. To merit public trust and confidence‚ the professional person must convince the public that he will place public service ahead of personal reward. II. A CPA certificate is evidence of basic competence in the discipline of accounting at the time the certificate is granted. III
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Economics of Competition Policy in India: Emerging issues Rajeev C.Bharathan‚ Background Generally in economics‚ competition is seen as rivalry among firms for a larger share of the market‚ which leads to efficiency in production and lower prices for the consumers. Competition can be defined as a process by which cost efficient production is achieved in a structure where entry and exit are easy‚ a reasonable number of players (producers and consumers are present) and close substitution between
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AS-19 “LEASES” PRE AS-19 ERA Prior to 1.04.2001 the “Guidance Note on Accounting for Leases” was applicable on leasing industries. This Guidance Note was based on the matching principle i.e. the periodic costs comprising of depreciation and lease equalization charges were recommended to be matched with lease rentals so that the net income from a finance lease will show a true and fair view
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1Chapter 26 Internal and Governmental Financial Auditing and Operational Auditing Review Questions 26-1 Internal auditors who perform financial auditing are responsible for evaluating whether their company’s internal controls are designed and operating effectively and whether the financial statements are fairly presented. This responsibility is essentially the same as the responsibility of external auditors who perform financial audits. The two types of auditors are also similar in that
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A professional judgment is a key factor in auditing. As a result of development of auditing and accounting industry‚ especially after a series of accounting fraud and auditing failure cases‚ such as Enron and Arthur Andersen‚ in the last decade‚ professional judgments is becoming a more and more important aspect for the independent auditing industry. Recently‚ many countries and professional bad issued more strict auditing standards to emphasize to this point. It means the auditor should be required
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a project report on “NON-COMMERICAL VEHICLE LOAN / PRE OWNED CAR” SUBMITTED BY GOWDA SHUBHALAXMI NARAYANA T.Y.BBI SEM-V (2012-2013) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF HEMAL VORA GURUKUL COLLEGE OF COMMERCE (AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI) TILAK ROAD‚ GHATKOPAR (E) MUMBAI 400077. August - 2012 GURUKUL COLLEGE OF COMMERCE (Affiliated to University of Mumbai) Mngd by: Mumbai Pradesh AryaVidyaSabha Tilak Road‚ Ghatkopar (East) Mumbai - 400077 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Gowda Shubhalaxmi
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Q: “Auditing begins where accounting ends. State points of difference between accounting and auditing? “Auditing begins where accounting ends” Accounting is a process of maintaining business records. Joint stock companies are required by law to maintain proper record of business transactions. Maintaining books of accounts and preparing financial statement is a prime responsibility of directors. The shareholders are ambitious to see that their investment is safe. It is therefore imperative
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STATE AUDITING IN THE PHILIPPINES Reported by: MYRLA P. SEDENIO RUTH C. TACUJAN A. OBJECTIVES I. To Discuss the State Audit System 2. To Identify Issues and Limitations of Government Auditing 3. To Discuss the Measurement of Government Performance B. INTRODUCTION The Philippine Constitution emphasizes the importance of accountability in the government. Article XI simply and bluntly begins: “Public office is a public trust‚” before it adds that officials and employees
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