2.3. Characterization 2.3.1. FT-IR spectra The IR spectra of different powder were recorded using FT-IR Spectrometer‚ Spectrum RX1‚ USA. The samples were prepared in the pellet form by pressing their mixed powder with KBr by the ratio 1:10 in the Perkin Elmer hydraulic device. 2.3.2. UV-Vis absorption spectra measurement UV-Vis spectra were recorded in N‚ N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) in the range 200-800 nm. All the UV-vis measurements were accomplished by a Shimadzu PC3101 spectrophotometer‚ under
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ay from printed circuit boards (PCBs) that used copper containing thick- lm pastes on rigid substrates‚ which were patterned using a two-step masking and etching process. This process resulted in a surfeit of waste and was expensive due to laborintensive processing of the nal device. By contrast‚ conductive inks are now available that use existing printing technologies such as screen‚ gravure‚ exographic‚ offset‚ and inkjet to print conductive traces directly onto rigid and exible substrates relatively
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orientation of a piezoelectric material during the design and manufacture of a device. There are certain mechanical parameters which plays a great role in piezoelectric effect. 2.2.1 Mechanical Strain The mechanical strain S which results from the application of a stress T is linearly proportional to the compliance S (S-1= Young’s modulus) within the elastic deformation region of the stress-strain curve of the material (below the yield strength )
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2012 RTDs Temperature Measurements Anshul Sharma 2010A8PS255P Wasim Sajid 2010A8PS253P Suman Saurav Giri 2010A8PS256P in partial fulfillment of the course Transducers and Measurement Systems Submitted To : Prof. Surekha Bhanot Department Of Electronics and Instumentation Bits Pilani Birla Institute Of Technology And Science Pilani‚ Rajasthan. 333031 E&I 10/11/2012 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost‚ we would like to thank God for supporting us always. We express
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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN PHYSICS (CLASS XII) ELECTROSTATICS One mark questions. 1. If a point charge is rotated in a circle of radius r around a charge q‚ what will be the be the work done? 2. Does the electric potential increase or decrease along the electric line of force? 3. Give the relation between electric intensity and electric flux. 4. What is the dielectric constant of a metal? 5. What is the potential energy of two equal negative point charges 2μC each held 1m apart in air?
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Current is a flow of electrical charge carriers‚ usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms. The common symbol for current is the uppercase letter I. The standard unit is the ampere‚ symbolized by A. One ampere of current represents one coulomb of electrical charge (6.24 x 1018 charge carriers) moving past a specific point in one second. Physicists consider current to flow from relatively positive points to relatively negative points; this is called conventional current or Franklin current. Electrons
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Metals and alloys. Hume-Rothery rules. 1. Three types of metals. 2. Alloys. Hume-Rothery rules. 3. Electrical resistance of metallic alloys. 4. Applications of metallic alloys. 5. Steels. Super alloys. 6. Electromigration in thin wires. Three types of metals Metals share common features that define them as a separate class of materials: • Good thermal and electrical conductors (Why?). • Electrical resistance increases with temperature (Why?). • Specific heat grows linearly with temperature
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001% Ocean Glasier Underground Surface Water Atomosphere Water Chemistry - O H H + H2O • • • Hydrogen Bond (H2S B.P.= -60.3 C‚ H2O B.P = 100 C) Polarized Molecular Excellent Polar Solvent H2O H++OH- • 7 Resistivity 18.24 M @25 C Impurities in Water Suspended Matter • • Microorganisms Dust Dissolved Gases • • • Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Chlorine Ions • • • • Cation Anion Heavy Metal Silica Organics • 8
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experiments suffers from rapid relaxation of the compressed bed. Concerning the filtration experiments‚ specific resistance of well defined bed of cells were calculated by a combination of the compression model with a formulation for hydraulic resistivity developed using the Lattice Boltzmann method. We further explain the experimental values observed for the hydraulic resistance of cell beds‚ assuming that the first layer of cells in contact with the membrane partially blocks the membrane area
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A Proposal to Review How Geophysical Precursors Can Help Predict Earthquakes Christopher Gray February 1995 Introduction Throughout the world‚ devastating earthquakes occur with little or no advance warning. Some of these earthquakes kill hundreds of people. If the times‚ magnitudes‚ and locations of these earthquakes could be accurately predicted‚ many lives could be saved. This document proposes a review of how monitoring geophysical precursors can help in the short-term prediction of earthquakes
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