ISSN 1608-7143 OECD Journal on Budgeting Volume 7 – No. 1 © OECD 2007 Improving Public Sector Efficiency: Challenges and Opportunities by Teresa Curristine‚ Zsuzsanna Lonti and Isabelle Joumard* This article examines key institutional drivers that may contribute to improving public sector efficiency and focuses on one of them in more detail: performance information and its role and use in the budget process (“performance budgeting”). * Teresa Curristine is a Policy Analyst in the Public
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Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder. People who have hemophilia have a deficiency or an absence of a coagulation protein. A blood clotting factor is deficient or absent. Bleeding is most often into joints‚ such as the knee‚ elbow‚ or ankle‚ but bleeding can occur anywhere in the body. People with hemophilia bleed longer‚ not faster. The severity of hemophilia varies greatly. Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B are the most common genetic bleeding disorders. Hemophilia A is observed in 80 percent
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No matter the objective of any business organisation‚ achievement of efficiency in production or cost minimisation for a given production activity appear to be one of the prime concern of the managers In the manager’s effort to minimise production costs‚ the fundamental questions he or she faces are: (f) How can production be optimized or costs minimised? (g) What will be the beaviour of output as inputs increase? (h) How does technology help in reducing production costs? (i) How can the
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7 Business Functions that a Retail Business should maintain 1. General Management Business Function Manages the production process‚ plans production schedules and ensures that machinery‚ staff & materials are efficiently utilized. In order for a business to be effectively managed the retailer has to maintain the above mentioned criteria. 2. Production Business Function Its purpose is to be in full control in the production process‚ make effective planning production schedules. Specifically
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What is Production Function? Definition and Explanation: ‚ Production of goods requires resources or inputs. These inputs are called factors of production named as land‚ labor‚ capital and organization. A rational producer is always interested that he should get the maximum output from the set of resources or inputs available to him. He would like to combine these inputs in a technical efficient manner so that he obtains maximum desired output of goods. The relationship between the inputs and
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into productive investment. The long term funds are exchanged for financial assets issued by borrowers or traded by holders of previously issued assets. Therefore‚ the capital market serves an important function of bringing together deficit and surplus units of an economy. The lack of this function renders the capital market useless as the opportunity for investment and production of goods and services for development is eliminated. This creates a gap where surplus units have idle funds and the deficit
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x-1 x minus one x±1 x plus or minus one xy xy / x multiplied by y (x-y)(x+y) x minus y‚ x plus y = the equals sign x=5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5 x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x>y x is greater than y x≥y x is greater than or equal to y x<y x is less than y x≤y x is less than or equal to y 0<x<1 zero is less than x is less than 1 0≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 |x| mod x / modulus x x2 x squared / x (raised)
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Functions of Airports Authority of India * MANAGE AIRPORTS‚ CIVIL ENCLAVES AND AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATION. * PROVIDE AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE AND MAINTAIN NAVIGATION AND GROUND AIDS. * PLAN DEVELOP‚ CONSTRUCT‚ MAINTAIN RUNWAYS ‚TAXIWAYS‚ APON ‚ TERMINAL AND ANCILLARY BUILDINGS AIR SAFETY SERVICES AND SEARCH AND RESCUE. * ARRANGING POSTAL MONEY EXCHANGE‚ INSURANCE AND TELEPHONE FACILITIES. * ESTABLISH WAREHOUSES AND CARGO COMPLEX. * ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN HOTELS/RESTAURANTS
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Text 2 “Functions of Advertising” Pre-reading discussion 1. Can companies do without advertising? If not‚ why? State your point of view. 2. What is your reaction to advertising? 3. Has any ad ever made you get interested in buying a product? 4. Has an ad ever made you buy a product? Share your experience 5. How many roles does the advertising play? Read the text and answer the questions below: The particular roles that advertising can play are many and varied‚ although
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Managers………………………………………………………… 2 2.3 Low level Managers or first-line Managers…………………………………… 3 3.0 MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS………………………………………………………. 3 3.1 Planning……………………………………………………………………….. 4 3.2 Organising……………………………………………………………………… 4 3.3 Leading or Directing…………………………………………………………… 5 3.4 Controlling…………………………………………………………………….. 6 3.5 Staffing………………………………………………………………………… 6 4.0 MODERN MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS…………………………………………. 7 5.0 BENEFITS OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT……………………………………… 7 5.1 Clear Vision……………………………………………………………………
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