Classification of receptors: -Stimulus modality: sensation it produces Thermoreceptors: heat and cold. Photoreceptors: eyes‚ light. Chemoreceptors: chemicals‚ odors‚ taste‚ body fluid composition. Nociceptors: pain receptors. Mechanoreceptors: hearing‚ physical deformation of a cell or tissue caused by vibration‚ touch‚ pressure and stretch. -Origin of the stimulus Exteroceptors: sense stimuli external to the boy. They include the receptors for vision‚ hearing‚ taste‚ cutaneous sensation
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Chapter 15 The Special Senses Olfaction A. 1. Olfactory epithelium Specialized cells lining the olfactory recess 2. Olfactory bulbs (#1) Axons of olfactory neurons project through the cribriform plate (#1) to these structures Where the olfactory nerves synapse with mitral & tufted cells 3. Olfactory vesicles bulbous enlargements of the dendrites of olfactory neurons 4. Olfactory hairs Have chemoreceptors (#5) that bind to odorants‚ resulting in action potential production 5. Basal cells
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Retinitis Pigmentosa Retinitis Pigmentosa is the name given to a group of inherited eye disorders that affect the retina. The retina has rod shaped cells responsible for night vision and seeing in the dim light. The cone-shaped cells are responsible for color vision and brightness Retinitis Pigmentosa has been proven to be progressive‚ destructive‚ hereditary disease that reduces the function of rod-shaped cells. Retinitis Pigmentosa can eventually lead to severe vision loss and blindness
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2013 Lecture -The function of the eye is to convert photons of light into action potentials (nerve impulses). -The inner layer is a nervous tunic (made out of nerve cells)=retina. -Refraction: Bends light. -The purpose of the cornea and the lens is to take an object and focus every little detail of the object on the retina on the back of the lens. Upside down and backwards. -When light goes through medias‚ it bends. -Lens are suspended by ligaments behind the pupil. Suspensory ligaments. -Aqueous
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brain process nerve impulses in several individual systems at the same time. Color vision is based on two processes or theories; trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory states there are 3 kinds of cones in the retina‚ to which each is responsive to a certain range of colors. The opponent-process theory suggests pairs of different types of cells in the eye that work in opposition of each other. Both theories are at work in allowing a person to see color. The
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3 Sensation and Perception Key: Answer‚ Page‚ Type‚ Learning Objective‚ Level Type A=Applied C=Conceptual F=Factual Level (1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult LO=Learning Objective SG=Used in Study Guide p=page MULTIPLE CHOICE The ABCs of Perception Learning Objective- 3.1 What is sensation and how does it enter the central nervous system? 1. ______ are the raw data of experience‚ based on the activation of certain receptors located in the various sensory organs. a)
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The retina is a layer of tissue inside of the eye. It is responsible for sending message from the optic nerve to the brain. If the retina detaches‚ then it will be pulled or lifted from its normal position. Permanent vision loss can result if this problem is not corrected right away. The retina is attached to vitreous‚ which is a gel-like substance. The vitreous becomes more watery and thinner as we age. The change in shape can cause the vitreous to pull away from the retina. As a result of this
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ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY (APMPPE) SUMMARY A 19 year-old Army active duty white male‚ presented to the optometry clinic with sudden onset of decreased vision and a constant area of central blurry vision in the right eye for 1½ weeks. The patient noted similar‚ less prominent symptoms in the left eye. Ocular examination revealed multiple circumscribed‚ flat‚ cream colored lesions in the posterior pole‚ originating from the macular area with presentation
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Eye Donation Do you know that we can light the life of a blind person by donating our eyes after our death? In India‚ we have an estimated 4.6 million people with corneal blindness that is curable through corneal transplantation made possible by eye donation. More than 90% of the corneal transplantation is carried out successfully and helps restore vision in people with corneal blindness. Corneal transplantation in infants born with cloudy cornea can make a big difference to their lives.
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create an image on the retina. A ring of muscles called the ciliary muscle allows it to change its focal length so it can focus on objects at different distances. For example‚ if the object is far‚ the lens will have a shorter focal length. Whereas if the object is closer‚ the lens will have a longer focal length. After‚ the image is then focused on the retina‚ clear structure that acts like a screen to catch clear images. Once the light ray come in contact with the retina‚ the rays begin to stimulates
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