the use of punishment to maintain the social order. Those theories of punishment aim to provide understanding of why and how we punish. Generally‚ two of the most frequently used justifications of punishment are Retributivism and Utilitarianism. Retributivism is a theory of criminal justice that advocates punishment to be the best response and consequence in retribution for what criminals have inflicted. It is also the first theory answering the reason why we established punishment institutions
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Retributivism and utilitarianism are two opposing ways of approaching punishment. The retributive view of punishment is backward-looking‚ while the utilitarian view is forward-looking. Retributivism pays more attention to the crime itself and what amends need to be made. Typically this results in harsher punishments. Immanuel Kant and Michael Davis both advocate for this system in their articles. However‚ they purposefully disregard how a punishment could affect society. For example‚ punishments
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Utilitarianism in the Theory of Punishment – Utilitarian ideology states that it is our duty to whatever will increase the amount of happiness in the world. Applying this ideology to the Theory of Punishment may seem counterintuitive. Taken at face value‚ Utilitarianism is incompatible with punishment‚ because by definition punishment makes people unhappy‚ therefore‚ is immoral under the strict tenants of Utilitarianism. However‚ Utilitarians‚ do see the need for punishment. Punishment restores a
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Capital Punishment is a highly controversial and emotional subject in which most people seem to have strong opinions. The debate is by no means new‚ however‚ in my opinion‚ the death penalty is cruel and inhumane. During biblical time‚ capital punishment has been an issue. In writing this paper‚ I intend to argue the topic from a utliitarian point of view using Rawls Priciple of Justice. Utilitarianism revolves around the concept of “the end justifies the means.” It believes that theoutcomes as
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forth must not be overridden for fear of both corporeal and mental punishment. Such responsibilities tie friends together and split enemies. Moral obligations can even be taken to the extreme of ending another’s life for the common welfare of a society. In Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment‚ Raskolnikov‚ the protagonist‚ bears a moral rationale that leads him to murder Alyona Ivanovna‚ a harsh pawbroker. Through analytical
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popular in Russia in the 1860’s- utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a philosophy defined as the idea of the moral worth of an action is determined only by the contribution to the overall utility‚ the contribution of happiness or pleasure among all people. Meaning‚ the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its outcome. Moral choices and ethical dilemmas are discussed in Russian literature during the 19th century such as Fyodor Dostoevsky’s‚ Crime and Punishment. The story follows the protagonist
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set of rules and use positive comments as a reward for favored behavior. Children are then also met with the consequences of not following these commands. Eventually‚ individuals learn that breaking regulations and acting wrongfully results in punishment. To most people‚ the idea of following the laws and the moral code of society is an accepted expectation in everyday life. Although personal definitions of “morality” and one’s established guide for behavior differs between individuals‚ abiding
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Utilitarianism vs. Individualism Arguments for utilitarianism and individualism will never end. The essence of utilitarianism‚ pleasure is the chief end of life and the greatest happiness for the greatest number should be the ultimate goal of human beings‚ has always been a crucial matter of concern and controversy. It is regarded as an exploit of people’s freedom and individualism. However‚ individualism is deemed as an ignorance of teamwork. We cannot simply tell which one is superior to the
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ABSTRACT Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory originally established by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that advocates brining about good consequences or happiness to all concerned. Kantianism is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Kantianism is another famous rule of the nonconsequentialist theory. Kant’s theory contains several ethical principles. These principles are the good will‚ establishing morality by reasoning alone‚ categorical imperative‚ duty rather than inclination‚ and summary
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DEONTOLOGY vs UTILITARIANISM The theory of deontology is derived from the writings of German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant stated that a universal law should provide the basis for each act‚ and that the intention was of more importance than the result. Deontology is a duty-based ethical position‚ where one ’s actions are based on what is ethically correct‚ regardless of the consequences (Porche‚ 2004). Deontological theories hold that actions are morally right
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